The Effect Of Polyherbal Formulation -PHF On Experimentally Induced Reflux Esophagitis In Rats

ABSTRACT The science of life-Ayurveda is practiced in India since time immemorial. Besides being cheap and easily available, Ayurvedic drugs are considered as safe. Moreover, there is surge in the interest in Ayurveda due to quest of alternative medicines. In Ayurvedic system of medicine, Polyherbal formulations were frequently used to enhance the activity or counteract the toxic effect of compounds, from other plants, but may also act synergistically with other constituents from the same plants. Gastro esophageal reflux disease is a disorder of defense mechanism at the esophageal junction, caused by regurgitation of the gastric contents especially of gastric acid. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of Poly Herbal Formulation (PHF) on experimentally induced reflux esophagitis and gastrointestinal motility in animals. The PHF consists of seven medicinal plants namely Aegle marmelos, Elettaria cardamomum, Glycyrrhiza glabra , Citrus aurantifolia, Rosa damascena, Cissus quadrangularis and Saccharum officinarum. Based on acute toxicity study the PHF was considered as safe and 3 dose (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) levels were employed for pharmacological evaluation. The test drugs were administered orally by suspending in 1% carboxy methyl cellulose solution. The PHF exhibited (P<0.001) significant decrease in lesion index and enhance the % protection of lesion in experimentally induced reflux esophagitis at all the 3 doses in rats. In charcoal meal gastrointestinal transit test, PHF dose-dependently propelled the charcoal meal travel through the small intestines in mice. The study indicates that the PHF has protective effect against surgically induced reflux esophagitis

Evaluation of antiulcer and antioxidant potential of Ipomoea Reniformis leaf extract against experimentally induced ulcer in rats

Background: Ulcer is a major disease of gastrointestinal system which affects about 10% of the world’s population. As conventional drugs can produce undesirable side effects on long term use it can be replaced by herbal medicines more safely. The study was designed to evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea reniformis against pyloric ligated ulcer and cold restraint stress induced ulcer models in rats.Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were used. 0.1% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) was used as vehicle. Ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea reniformis was employed at two dose levels (200 and 400mg/kg). Omeprazole (10mg/kg) was used as reference control in both the models. The test drugs were administered by suspending in CMC, through oral route. In pyloric ligated ulcer model, gastric volume, ulcer index and percentage protection were measured. In cold restraint stress induced ulcer model, ulcer index and percentage protection was measured. The stomach homogenate was subjected to antioxidant profiles.Results: Ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea reniformis dose dependently decreased the gastric volume in pyloric ligated ulcer model and significantly reduced the ulcer index in both the models. Ipomoea reniformis in both the doses significantly protected the animals against stress-induced free radical damage due to decrease in LPO and reversal of changes induced by stress on SOD and CAT.Conclusions: From the result, it was concluded that the Ipomoea reniformis leaf extract exhibited antiulcer activity in both the tested models were due to its antisecretary and antioxidant property

Evaluation of Anticonvulsant, Sedative, Anxiolytic, and Phytochemical Profile of the Methanol Extract from the Aerial Parts of Swertia corymbosa (Griseb.) Wight ex C.B. Clarke

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant activity of the methanolic extract of Swertia corymbosa (SCMeOH). After acute toxicity test, oral treatment with SCMeOH at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg behavioral models of open field, elevated-plus-maze, actophotometer, rotarod, pentylenetetrazole, isoniazid, and maximal electroshock induced seizure models were utilized. In open field test, SCMeOH (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) ( < 0.01, < 0.001) increased the number of rearings. However, the number of central motor and ambulation ( < 0.01, < 0.001) were reduced. Likewise, the number of entries and the time spent in open arm were increased while the number of locomotion was decreased ( < 0.001) in elevated-plus-maze and actophotometer test, respectively. SCMeOH (125-500 mg/kg) protected the mice against the pentylenetetrazole and isoniazid induced convulsions; it causes significant ( < 0.01 and < 0.001) dose dependent increase in latency of convulsion. Treatment with SCMeOH reduced the duration of the tonic hind limb extension induced by electroshock. Two major compounds such as gentiopicroside and swertianin were analyzed by HPLC system

Evaluation of Anticonvulsant, Sedative, Anxiolytic, and Phytochemical Profile of the Methanol Extract from the Aerial Parts of Swertia corymbosa (Griseb.) Wight ex C.B. Clarke

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant activity of the methanolic extract of Swertia corymbosa (SCMeOH). After acute toxicity test, oral treatment with SCMeOH at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg behavioral models of open field, elevated-plus-maze, actophotometer, rotarod, pentylenetetrazole, isoniazid, and maximal electroshock induced seizure models were utilized. In open field test, SCMeOH (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) (P<0.01, P<0.001) increased the number of rearings. However, the number of central motor and ambulation (P<0.01, P<0.001) were reduced. Likewise, the number of entries and the time spent in open arm were increased while the number of locomotion was decreased (P<0.001) in elevated-plus-maze and actophotometer test, respectively. SCMeOH (125–500 mg/kg) protected the mice against the pentylenetetrazole and isoniazid induced convulsions; it causes significant (P<0.01 and P<0.001) dose dependent increase in latency of convulsion. Treatment with SCMeOH reduced the duration of the tonic hind limb extension induced by electroshock. Two major compounds such as gentiopicroside and swertianin were analyzed by HPLC system

Role of PET-CT in the assessment of myocardial viability in patients with left ventricular dysfunction

Aim: Role of PET-CT in assessment of myocardial viability in patients with LV dysfunction. Methods: This prospective study included 120 patients with LV dysfunction who underwent 99mTechnetium-Sestamibi myocardial perfusion SPECT-CT and 18FFDG cardiac PET-CT. They also underwent serial echocardiography and coronary angiography along with myocardial perfusion and FDG PET study. Results: Thirty-three patients had single vessel disease, 48 had triple vessel disease, and rest had double vessel disease. Among 786 segments, matched defects were seen in 432 (55%) and mismatched defects in 354 (45%) segments. 78 patients were surgically managed, and 42 were medically managed. The change in LVEF after surgical management was statistically significant compared to medical management. Conclusion: Viability assessment should be performed in patients who present after 12 h of acute myocardial infarction or with LV dysfunction due to ischemic heart disease to decide upon appropriate surgical management

Phytoformulation with hydroxycitric acid and capsaicin protects against high-fat-diet-induced obesity cardiomyopathy by reducing cardiac lipid deposition and ameliorating inflammation and apoptosis in the heart

Background and aim: Phytoformulation therapy is a pioneering strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders and related diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of a phytoformulation consisting of hydroxycitric acid and capsaicin against obesity-related cardiomyopathy. Experimental procedure: Sprague-Dawley rats were fed HFD for 21 weeks, and phytoformulation (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally for 45 days starting at week 16. Results and conclusion: We found that HFD supplementation resulted in significant hyperglycemia and caused an increase in cardiac lipid deposition, inflammation and apoptosis in the heart. Phytoformulation therapy not only significantly decreased blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and inflammatory cytokines in obese rats, but also protected cardiac tissue, as shown by histological analysis. Conversely, phytoformulation therapy decreased mRNA levels for sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid binding protein 1 genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and absorption in obese rats. It increased the levels of lysosomal acid lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and lipoprotein lipase genes involved in fatty acid degradation in the heart. In addition, the phytoformulation improved cardiac inflammation and apoptosis by downregulating the genes nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), BCL2-associated X and caspase-3. In conclusion, our results show that the phytoformulation improved insulin sensitivity and attenuated myocardial lipid accumulation, inflammation, and apoptosis in the heart of HFD-induced obese rats by regulating fatty acid metabolism genes and downregulating NF-kB/TLR-4/caspase-3