Computational studies of an impulsively started viscous flow

Progress in validating incompressible Navier-Stokes codes is described using a predictor/corrector scheme. The flow field under study is the impulsive start of a circular cylinder and the unsteady evolution of the separation bubble. In the current code, a uniform asymptotic expansion is used as an initial condition in order to correctly capture the initial growth of the vortex sheet. Volocity fields at selected instants of time are decomposed into vectorial representations of Navier-Stokes equations which are then used to analyze dominant contributions in the boundary-layer region

PLANNING AND MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT

Environmental Economics and Policy,

A note on transition, turbulent length scales and transport in differentially rotating flows

In this note we address the issue of hydrodynamical instabilities in Astrophysical rotating shear flows in the light of recent publications focused on the possibility for differential rotation to trigger and sustain turbulence in the absence of a magnetic field. We wish to present in a synthetic form the major arguments in favor of this thesis along with a simple schematic scenario of the transition to and self-sustenance of such turbulence. We also propose that the turbulent diffusion length scale scales as the local Rossby number of the mean flow. A new prescription for the turbulent viscosity is introduced. This viscosity reduces to the so-called beta-prescription in the case of velocity profiles with a constant Rossby number, which includes Keplerian rotating flows.Comment: 4 pages, accepted for publication in "Astronomy and Astrophysics

Financial markets in 2020

Advances in communications and information management, combined with new developments in financial theory, will radically alter the way that financial services are delivered in the next century. This is the view of Charles Sanford, Chairman of Bankers Trust, as expressed in his luncheon address at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City's 1993 symposium on "Changing Capital Markets: Implications for Monetary Policy."> According to Sanford, the basic financial functions will still be present, but traditional financial products, such as loans, borrowings, and securities, will be replaced with "claims on wealth" or "financial claims" that will be actively traded around the clock and worldwide. Banks, as currently structured, will no longer exist. And there will be no need for separate financial branches as individuals become more directly linked to markets and financial service providers.> To make this future possible, further advances in financial theory will be necessary to identify underlying risks and their component attributes, to price these attributes, and to re-bundle the attributes into new investment products. Sanford traces out some of the implications of these changes for financial markets and policymakers. While the future financial system would tend to be more efficient in terms of lower transactions costs and better risk management, Sanford thinks the task of managing financial institutions will be more complex. In addition, he stresses that to monitor and control systemic risk, central banks will have to understand and adapt to this new financial world.Forecasting ; Financial markets

Enhancement and suppression effects resulting from information structuring in sentences

Information structuring through the use of cleft sentences increases the processing efficiency of references to elements within the scope of focus. Furthermore, there is evidence that putting certain types of emphasis on individual words not only enhances their subsequent processing, but also protects these words from becoming suppressed in the wake of subsequent information, suggesting mechanisms of enhancement and suppression. In Experiment 1, we showed that clefted constructions facilitate the integration of subsequent sentences that make reference to elements within the scope of focus, and that they decrease the efficiency with reference to elements outside of the scope of focus. In Experiment 2, using an auditory text-change-detection paradigm, we showed that focus has similar effects on the strength of memory representations. These results add to the evidence for enhancement and suppression as mechanisms of sentence processing and clarify that the effects occur within sentences having a marked focus structure

Integrating Theory and Practice Into the Professional Responsibility Curriculum at the University of Texas

Teaching ethics to large classes has always proved to be a great challenge for those who teach professional responsibility at the University of Texas. A new program at the University of Texas to improve the professional responsibility curriculum is discussed

The Ice Line in Pre-Solar Protoplanetary Disks

Protoplanetary disks contain abundant quantities of water molecules in both gas and solid phases. The distribution of these two phases in an evolving protoplanetary disk will have important consequences regarding water sequestration in planetary embryos. The boundary between gaseous and solid water is the "ice line" or "snow line" A simplified model that captures the complicated two-branched structure of the ice line is developed and compared with recent investigations. The effect of an evolving Sun is also included for the first time. This latter parameter could have important consequences regarding the thermodynamic state and the surface reaction environment for the time-dependent chemical reactions occurring during the 1- to 10-million-year lifetime of the pre-solar disk

Costs of Marketing Cattle in Utah

In 1951 the cattlemen of Utah produced 126 million pounds of beef (2). Very few of these cattleman knew what their marketing costs were and what their marketing costs would have been if they had chosen some alternative method of marketing their cattle. The knowledge of what marketing costs are should be as essential to the individual cattlemen as his ability to feed, fatten, and care for his cattle. The marketing costs in the cattle industry in Utah are not generally known because they have not been compiled and made available to cattle producers. In this study the marketing costs of the Utah cattle industry have been compiled, evaluated, and put into such a form that they might be used by the cattlemen of Utah if they so desire

Buprenorphine/suboxone is safe in pregnancy: substance use and stigma in the healthcare professions

A clinical decision report using: Mullins N, Galvin SL, Ramage M, et al. Buprenorphine and Naloxone Versus Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy: A Cohort Study. J Addict Med. 2020;14(3):185-192. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000562 for a woman with opioid use disorder during pregnancy