537 research outputs found
EPR measurement of Cu2+-fe2+ exchange in FeSif6 Β· 6H20 at 4.2 K
Six inequivalent Cu2+ EPR spectra were observed at 4.2 K in single crystals of FeSiF 6 β’ 6H20.
The estimated parametersgz ---2.38 and 8=40Β°, where 8 is the angle between the ionicz axis and
the c axis, differ from those measured in crystals of similar structure. Thes~ differences have been
explained in terms of an isotropic Cu2+ -Fe2+ exchange Hamiltonian JS1 β’ S2, with
J = + (0.030 Β± 0.003) em - 1
' which gives a contribution gex = - 5.05 J sin2 e, where e is the
angle between the external magnetic field and the z axis. Perpendicular to the c axis, an
independent estimate of + 0.034 em -I for J was made from the low-field displacement of a
satellite spectru
EPR study of the Jahn-Teller effect of Cu2+ in ZnTiF6Β·6H20
The 34-GHz EPR spectrum of Cu2+ in ZnTiF6Β·6H20 shows a Jahn-Teller effect with a transition
from a single-line spectrum at high temperatures to a multiline anisotropic spectrum. The transition
temperature on cooling varied with Cu concentration from 172 K for a sample containing 0.2
at.% Cu to roughly 90 K for a 46-at. % Cu sample. For dilute samples, the single-line spectrum
was isotropic at 300 K with g =2.223Β±0.005, but showed axial symmetry about the trigonal axis at
180 K with gj1 =2.226Β±0.005 and g~ =2.223Β±0.005. At 4.2 K, a "static" Jahn-Teller effect was
observed with six axially symmetric Cu2+ spectra, each with g 11 =2.470Β±0.005, g1 =2.100Β±0.005,
I A 11 I ~ I 06 X 10- 4 em -I, and I A 1 I ~30 X 10- 4 em - I. The z axis of these spectra was found to lie
along the fourfold axes of two cubes with a common [Ill] axis, rotated by 40"Β±2" with respect to
each other about this axis. Analysis of the 4.2-K data leads to the values q~O. 50 for the Ham
reduction factor and K~O. 26 for the Fenni contact parameter, with A uA 1 < 0. An activation energy
of about 100 cm-1 was deduced from the gradual increase of the anisotropy of the spectrum on
cooling in the low-temperature region
ΠΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²? Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Different face skin diseases (basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis, rosacea, solar elastosis, etc.) could clinically manifest itself as erythematic patches, pimples or plagues. It is very hard to make the clinical exclusion in some cases of these diseases since their characters can partially overlap or certain lesion can mimic another one especially in the cases of skin areas affected with sun. Therefore, the histopathological analysis remains the βgolden standardβ of the dermatological diagnosis at skin diseases. Our study has shown that certified dermatologists detect actinic keratosis (AK) of face/head skin of I/II levels very well. Verdicts of dermatologists and pathomorfologists are congruent on account of diagnosis in 90,7% cases. Diseases clinically excluded as AK revealed as malignant neoplasms (basal cell carcinoma) in less than 1% of case lesions.Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ (Π±Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·, ΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π°, ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ· ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄.) ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΡΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ· (ΠΠ) I/II ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°/Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ. Π 90,7% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°-ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² 1% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ (Π±Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°)
Limitations in Predicting the Space Radiation Health Risk for Exploration Astronauts
Despite years of research, understanding of the space radiation environment
and the risk it poses to long-duration astronauts remains limited. There is a
disparity between research results and observed empirical effects seen in human
astronaut crews, likely due to the numerous factors that limit terrestrial
simulation of the complex space environment and extrapolation of human clinical
consequences from varied animal models. Given the intended future of human
spaceflight, with efforts now to rapidly expand capabilities for human missions
to the moon and Mars, there is a pressing need to improve upon the
understanding of the space radiation risk, predict likely clinical outcomes of
interplanetary radiation exposure, and develop appropriate and effective
mitigation strategies for future missions. To achieve this goal, the space
radiation and aerospace community must recognize the historical limitations of
radiation research and how such limitations could be addressed in future
research endeavors. We have sought to highlight the numerous factors that limit
understanding of the risk of space radiation for human crews and to identify
ways in which these limitations could be addressed for improved understanding
and appropriate risk posture regarding future human spaceflight.Comment: Accepted for publication by Nature Microgravity (2018
Jahn-Teller EPA spectra of Cu2 + in MgSif6.6H20
The 34 GHz EPR spectrum ofCu2+ in MgSiF6-6H20 showed a "static" Jahn-Teller effect at 4.2
K with two inequivalent Jahn- Teller sites per unit cell. The six axially symmetric sets of Cu2+
lines had their z axes parallel to the three tetragonal axes of two cubes, which were rotated by
approximately 40" with respect to each other about a common (Ill) axis, which is the crystal c
axis. The measured spin-Hamiltonian parameters at 4.2 K for each set of lines were
g11 = 2.47 Β± 0.01, g1 = 2.10 Β± 0.01 , and lA 11 1 = (110 Β± 3)X 10- 4 em- β’. There was a gradual
decrease in the anisotropy of the spectrum on warming the crystal, with a single, nearly isotropic
line being observed above 220 K. At 270 K the spectrum had axial symmetry about the c axis with
Kn = 2.23 Β± 0.01 and g~ = 2.25 Β± 0.01 . The temperature evolution of the spectrum was
interpreted in terms of a Boltzmann distribution over inequivalent distorted Jahn-Teller
configurations, with one potential well lowered by an amount L1:::::: I 05 em- 1 below the other two
Π£ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ¬Π©ΠΠ¦. Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ¨ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ«Π₯ Π Π£ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π‘ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ’ΠΠ
Milkerβs nodules, also called paravaccinia, is a DNA virus transmitted from infected cows to humans. It results from contact with cattle, cattle byproducts, or fomites. Classified as an occupational disorder, those at risk of exposure include farmers, butchers, and agricultural tourists. The viral infection begins 5β15 days after inoculation as an erythematous-purple, round nodule with a clear depressed center, and a surrounding erythematous ring. While familiar to those in farming communities, the presence of the nodule may be concerning to others, particularly the immunosuppressed. Milkerβs nodules are selflimited in immunocompetent individuals and heal without scarring within 8 weeks. Another member of the Parapoxvirus genus, the orf virus, is also transmitted from animals to humans by direct-contact. While complications are rare, hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are at risk of graft-versus-host disease, as the parapoxvirus may trigger these complications in immunocompromised individuals. In addition, paravaccinia may serve as the antigen source for the development of erythema multiforme. The unique structure and replication process of viruses in the Poxvirus family, while includes the Parapoxvirus genus, have been a focus for treatment of infections and cancer. Manipulation of these viruses has demonstrated promising therapeutic possibilities as vectors for vaccines and oncologic therapy.Π£Π·Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΠΠ-ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΒ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΒ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΡΒ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΒ Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 5β15 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Β Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΡΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Β ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΒ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²Β ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΈΒ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΡΒ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. Π£Π·Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΒ Π»ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π·Β ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΒ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ² Π²Β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 8 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΒ β ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΒ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΒ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Β», Π°Β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΒ Π»ΠΈΡ ΡΒ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π£Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΒ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Single-ion and exchange anisotropy effects and multiferroic behavior in high-symmetry tetramer single molecule magnets
We study single-ion and exchange anisotropy effects in equal-spin
tetramer single molecule magnets exhibiting , , ,
, , or ionic point group symmetry. We first write the
group-invariant quadratic single-ion and symmetric anisotropic exchange
Hamiltonians in the appropriate local coordinates. We then rewrite these local
Hamiltonians in the molecular or laboratory representation, along with the
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriay (DM) and isotropic Heisenberg, biquadratic, and
three-center quartic Hamiltonians. Using our exact, compact forms for the
single-ion spin matrix elements, we evaluate the eigenstate energies
analytically to first order in the microscopic anisotropy interactions,
corresponding to the strong exchange limit, and provide tables of simple
formulas for the energies of the lowest four eigenstate manifolds of
ferromagnetic (FM) and anitiferromagnetic (AFM) tetramers with arbitrary .
For AFM tetramers, we illustrate the first-order level-crossing inductions for
, and obtain a preliminary estimate of the microscopic
parameters in a Ni from a fit to magnetization data.
Accurate analytic expressions for the thermodynamics, electron paramagnetic
resonance absorption and inelastic neutron scattering cross-section are given,
allowing for a determination of three of the microscopic anisotropy
interactions from the second excited state manifold of FM tetramers. We also
predict that tetramers with symmetries and should exhibit both
DM interactions and multiferroic states, and illustrate our predictions for
.Comment: 30 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Observation of the cubic-field splitting of an excited S = 2 manifold in a cubic copper tetramer
EPR measurements on single crystals of Cu40Cl6(triphenylphosphine oxide)4 at liquid helium
temperatures in the frequency ranges 14-17 and 34-35 GHz were fitted to a simple cubicS= 2
spin Hamiltonian with g = 2.10 Β± 0.01 and a zero-field splitting of(0.53 Β± 0.01) em - 1
β’ From the
decrease in intensity of the S = 2 spectrum on cooling below 4.2 K and the absence of an S = 1
spectrum, the S = 2 manifold was deduced to lie ( 14 Β± 1) em- 1 above a nonmagnetic ground
state. The EPR results are used as a test of the various theories developed to explain the magnetic
susceptibility of copper tetramer
- β¦