An Analysis Of Atmospheric Particulates At Prairie View, Texas

Within the last decade, air pollution has become a serious problem. The increased concentration of many pollutants in the atmosphere presents a threat to the very existence of living things. Air pollution is, for the most part, a phenomenon of urban living that occurs when the capacity of the air to dilute is overburdened. An increase in population, industrial growth, and a high degree of dependence on the motor vehicle caused new gaseous and particulate emissions to complement, interact with, and further complicate the traditional ones (Train, et.. al. , 1970). Air pollution can occur in the form of gases, solid particulates or liquid aerosols. These forms can exist either separately or in combinations. Gaseous pollutants constitute about 90 percent of the total mass emitted to the atmosphere, and particulates and liquid aerosols make up the other 10 percent (Morgan, et. al. , 1970). Gaseous pollutants are evolved primarily from the combustion of fuels and refuse. In the case of sulfur oxides, the burning of high-sulfur fuels in stationary sources is the primary source. Motor vehicles account for most of the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions which result from the incomplete combustion of the fuel used (Wolman, 1968). The term particulate matter is a general one and includes numerous pollutants. Particulates are emitted by a diverse group of sources and vary over a wide range of sizes, shapes, densities, and chemical composition. Combustion of fuels, incineration of waste material, and industrial losses are responsible for the major share of particulate matter (Train, et. al., 1970). Abrasions and wear of material plus reentrainment resulting from vehicle traffic and wind action make a small contribution to the total burden. Particulates are a significant problem because of their widely varying economic and biological effects (Morgan, et. al., 1970). According to data from the National Air Surveillance Network (Middleton, et. a.l., 1970) , a definite relationship was shown concerning population, industrialization, and atmospheric particulate concentration. Particulate air pollution is both source and location-dependent as well as a function of meteorological factors

Localized Endomorphisms of the Chiral Ising Model

Based on the treatment of the chiral Ising model by Mack and Schomerus, we present examples of localized endomorphisms $\varrho_1^{\rm loc}$ and $\varrho_{1/2}^{\rm loc}$. It is shown that they lead to the same superselection sectors as the global ones in the sense that unitary equivalence $\pi_0\circ\varrho_1^{\rm loc}\cong\pi_1$ and $\pi_0\circ\varrho_{1/2}^{\rm loc}\cong\pi_{1/2}$ holds. Araki's formalism of the selfdual CAR algebra is used for the proof. We prove local normality and extend representations and localized endomorphisms to a global algebra of observables which is generated by local von Neumann algebras on the punctured circle. In this framework, we manifestly prove fusion rules and derive statistics operators.Comment: 41 pages, latex2

An algebraic solution of driven single band tight binding dynamics

The dynamics of the driven tight binding model for Wannier-Stark systems is formulated and solved using a dynamical algebra. This Lie algebraic approach is very convenient for evaluating matrix elements and expectation values. It is also shown that a dynamical invariant can be constructed. A classicalization of the tight binding model is discussed as well as some illustrating examples of Bloch oscillations and dynamical localization effects.Comment: 13 pages; revised version (changed title and sections 6,7, added references

Model for the on-site matrix elements of the tight-binding hamiltonian of a strained crystal: Application to silicon, germanium and their alloys

We discuss a model for the on-site matrix elements of the sp3d5s* tight-binding hamiltonian of a strained diamond or zinc-blende crystal or nanostructure. This model features on-site, off-diagonal couplings between the s, p and d orbitals, and is able to reproduce the effects of arbitrary strains on the band energies and effective masses in the full Brillouin zone. It introduces only a few additional parameters and is free from any ambiguities that might arise from the definition of the macroscopic strains as a function of the atomic positions. We apply this model to silicon, germanium and their alloys as an illustration. In particular, we make a detailed comparison of tight-binding and ab initio data on strained Si, Ge and SiGe.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Classification of the quantum deformation of the superalgebra GL(1∣1)GL(1|1)

We present a classification of the possible quantum deformations of the supergroup $GL(1|1)$ and its Lie superalgebra $gl(1|1)$. In each case, the (super)commutation relations and the Hopf structures are explicitly computed. For each $R$ matrix, one finds two inequivalent coproducts whether one chooses an unbraided or a braided framework while the corresponding structures are isomorphic as algebras. In the braided case, one recovers the classical algebra $gl(1|1)$ for suitable limits of the deformation parameters but this is no longer true in the unbraided case.Comment: 23p LaTeX2e Document - packages amsfonts,subeqn - misprints and errors corrected, one section adde

Coherent states for a quantum particle on a circle

The coherent states for the quantum particle on the circle are introduced. The Bargmann representation within the actual treatment provides the representation of the algebra $[\hat J,U]=U$, where $U$ is unitary, which is a direct consequence of the Heisenberg algebra $[\hat \phi, \hat J]=i$, but it is more adequate for the study of the circlular motion.Comment: 23 pages LaTeX, uses ioplppt.st

Some remarks on the Gauss decomposition for quantum group GL_q(n)

In this letter some properties of the Gauss decomposition of quantum group $GL_q(n)$ with application to q-bosonization are considered.Comment: 11 page

Power, norms and institutional change in the European Union: the protection of the free movement of goods

How do institutions of the European Union change? Using an institutionalist approach, this article highlights the interplay between power, cognitive limits, and the normative order that underpins institutional settings and assesses their impact upon the process of institutional change. Empirical evidence from recent attempts to reinforce the protection of the free movement of goods in the EU suggests that, under conditions of uncertainty, actors with ambiguous preferences assess attempts at institutional change on the basis of the historically defined normative order which holds a given institutional structure together. Hence, path dependent and incremental change occurs even when more ambitious and functionally superior proposals are on offer

On the Use of Quantum Algebras in Rotation-Vibration Spectroscopy

A two-parameter deformation of the Lie algebra u$_2$ is used, in conjunction with the rotor system and the oscillator system, to generate a model for rotation-vibration spectroscopy of molecules and nuclei.Comment: 10 pages, Latex File, published in Modern Group Theoretical Methods in Physics, J. Bertrand et al. (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers (1995), 27-3

Realizations of Real Low-Dimensional Lie Algebras

Using a new powerful technique based on the notion of megaideal, we construct a complete set of inequivalent realizations of real Lie algebras of dimension no greater than four in vector fields on a space of an arbitrary (finite) number of variables. Our classification amends and essentially generalizes earlier works on the subject. Known results on classification of low-dimensional real Lie algebras, their automorphisms, differentiations, ideals, subalgebras and realizations are reviewed.Comment: LaTeX2e, 39 pages. Essentially exetended version. Misprints in Appendix are correcte