11,752 research outputs found
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in strongly interacting Rydberg Gases
We develop an efficient Monte-Carlo approach to describe the optical response
of cold three-level atoms in the presence of EIT and strong atomic
interactions. In particular, we consider a "Rydberg-EIT medium" where one
involved level is subject to large shifts due to strong van der Waals
interactions with surrounding Rydberg atoms. We find excellent agreement with
much more involved quantum calculations and demonstrate its applicability over
a wide range of densities and interaction strengths. The calculations show that
the nonlinear absorption due to Rydberg-Rydberg atom interactions exhibits
universal behavior
The electrostatic instability for realistic pair distributions in blazar/EBL cascades
This work revisits the electrostatic instability for blazar-induced pair
beams propagating through IGM with the methods of linear analysis and PIC
simulations. We study the impact of the realistic distribution function of
pairs resulting from interaction of high-energy gamma-rays with the
extragalactic background light. We present analytical and numerical
calculations of the linear growth rate of the instability for arbitrary
orientation of wave vectors. Our results explicitly demonstrate that the finite
angular spread of the beam dramatically affects the growth rate of the waves,
leading to fastest growth for wave vectors quasi-parallel to the beam direction
and a growth rate at oblique directions that is only by a factor of 2-4 smaller
compared to the maximum. To study the non-linear beam relaxation, we performed
PIC simulations that take into account a realistic wide-energy distribution of
beam particles. The parameters of the simulated beam-plasma system provide an
adequate physical picture that can be extrapolated to realistic blazar-induced
pairs. In our simulations the beam looses only 1\% percent of its energy, and
we analytically estimate that the beam would lose its total energy over about
simulation times. Analytical scaling is then used to extrapolate to the
parameters of realistic blazar-induced pair beams. We find that they can
dissipate their energy slightly faster by the electrostatic instability than
through inverse-Compton scattering. The uncertainties arising from, e.g.,
details of the primary gamma-ray spectrum are too large to make firm statements
for individual blazars, and an analysis based on their specific properties is
required.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ (2018), in prin
Physical rehabilitation for critical illness myopathy and neuropathy (Protocol)
Protocol for a review - no abstract
Quasi-elastic neutrino charged-current scattering cross sections on oxygen
The charged-current quasi-elastic scattering of muon neutrinos on oxygen
target is computed for neutrino energies between 200 MeV and 2.5 GeV using the
relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation with relativistic optical
potential, which was earlier successfully applied to describe electron-nucleus
data. We study both neutrino and electron processes and show that the reduced
exclusive cross sections for neutrino and electron scattering are similar. The
comparison with the relativistic Fermi gas model (RFGM), which is widely used
in data analyses of neutrino experiments, shows that the RFGM fails completely
when applied to exclusive cross section data and leads to overestimated values
of inclusive and total cross sections. We also found significant nuclear-model
dependence of exclusive, inclusive and total cross sections for about 1 GeV
energy.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figures; final version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Analysis of GeV-band gamma-ray emission from SNR RX J1713.7-3946
RX J1713.7-3946 is the brightest shell-type Supernova remnant (SNR) of the
TeV gamma-ray sky. Earlier Fermi-LAT results on low-energy gamma-ray emission
suggested that, despite large uncertainties in the background determination,
the spectrum is inconsistent with a hadronic origin. We update the GeV-band
spectra using improved estimates for the diffuse galactic gamma-ray emission
and more than doubled data volume. We further investigate the viability of
hadronic emission models for RX J1713.7-3946. We produced a high-resolution map
of the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray background corrected for HI self-absorption
and used it in the analysis of more than 5~years worth of Fermi-LAT data. We
used hydrodynamic scaling relations and a kinetic transport equation to
calculate the acceleration and propagation of cosmic-rays in SNR. We then
determined spectra of hadronic gamma-ray emission from RX J1713.7-3946,
separately for the SNR interior and the cosmic-ray precursor region of the
forward shock, and computed flux variations that would allow to test the model
with observations. We find that RX J1713.7-3946 is now detected by Fermi-LAT
with very high statistical significance, and the source morphology is best
described by that seen in the TeV band. The measured spectrum of RX
J1713.7-3946 is hard with index gamma=1.53 +/- 0.07, and the integral flux
above 500 MeV is F = (5.5 +/- 1.1)e-9 photons/cm^2/s. We demonstrate that
scenarios based on hadronic emission from the cosmic-ray precursor region are
acceptable for RX J1713.7-3946, and we predict a secular flux increase at a few
hundred GeV at the level of around 15% over 10 years, which may be detectable
with the upcoming CTA observatory.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic
Gamma-Rays Produced in Cosmic-Ray Interactions and the TeV-band Spectrum of RX J1713.7-3946
We employ the Monte Carlo particle collision code DPMJET3.04 to determine the
multiplicity spectra of various secondary particles (in addition to 's)
with 's as the final decay state, that are produced in cosmic-ray
('s and 's) interactions with the interstellar medium. We derive an
easy-to-use -ray production matrix for cosmic rays with energies up to
about 10 PeV. This -ray production matrix is applied to the GeV excess
in diffuse Galactic -rays observed by EGRET, and we conclude the
non- decay components are insufficient to explain the GeV excess,
although they have contributed a different spectrum from the -decay
component. We also test the hypothesis that the TeV-band -ray emission
of the shell-type SNR RX J1713.7-3946 observed with HESS is caused by hadronic
cosmic rays which are accelerated by a cosmic-ray modified shock. By the
statistics, we find a continuously softening spectrum is strongly
preferred, in contrast to expectations. A hardening spectrum has about 1%
probability to explain the HESS data, but then only if a hard cutoff at 50-100
TeV is imposed on the particle spectrum.Comment: 3 pages; 4 figures; Contribution to the First GLAST Symposium,
Standord, 200
Size-dependent fine-structure splitting in self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots
A systematic variation of the exciton fine-structure splitting with quantum
dot size in single InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by metal-organic chemical vapor
deposition is observed. The splitting increases from -80 to as much as 520
eV with quantum dot size. A change of sign is reported for small quantum
dots. Model calculations within the framework of eight-band k.p theory and the
configuration interaction method were performed. Different sources for the
fine-structure splitting are discussed, and piezoelectricity is pinpointed as
the only effect reproducing the observed trend.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Dielectrophoresis model for the colossal electroresistance of phase-separated manganites
We propose a dielectrophoresis model for phase-separated manganites. Without
increase of the fraction of metallic phase, an insulator-metal transition
occurs when a uniform electric field applied across the system exceeds a
threshold value. Driven by the dielectrophoretic force, the metallic clusters
reconfigure themselves into stripes along the direction of electric field,
leading to the filamentous percolation. This process, which is time-dependent,
irreversible and anisotropic, is a probable origin of the colossal
electroresistance in manganites.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
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