Evolution of nocturnal temperature inversions - A numerical study

A series of numerical simulations using a one-dimensional energy balance model suggest that both the depth and the intensity of the nocturnal temperature inversion depend on surface emissivity �g and a ground cooling rate parameter β (which inthe model is a surrogate for the inverse square root of the soil thermal diffusivity), especially under calm conditions. It is found that, after a transient that may last a few hours after nominal sunset, both depth and intensity follow the classical parabolic growth law, but only under calm conditions. If the ground cools faster the transient for the inversion depth is longer and the inversion deeper. If the surface is radiatively darker, the transient is again longer but the inversion depth is lower. The temperature at the top of the inversion is not strongly influenced by �g or β, but, depending on whether the reference is taken at the surface or at screen height, the intensity of the inversion decreases (or increases) with a drop in �g; it also increases with increase in ground cooling rate but with either choice of reference temperature. With wind, the inversion may be deeper during the transient than under calm conditions, but eventually becomes both shallower and weaker, and may disappear altogether at high winds. The effect of wind is found to be negligible whenthe frictionv elocity is less than0.2 ms −1. Comparison with observations shows general qualitative agreement, but also suggests that the highly variable results reported inthe literature onin version parameters may be due to site-dependent surface characteristics whose effects, till now ignored, need explicit attentionin future field observations and models

Fly ash and its use in cementitious material in civil engineering

This paper briefly outlines the evolution of ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement in India and their judicious use in civil engineering constructions The paper also describes the different classes of fly ash with their varying pozzolanic activities and other properties like strength, corrosion and alkali aggregate reaction while used in concrete

Business Drivers for CRM Adoption in the Software Services Sector: A Case Study Analysis

This study was undertaken to gain better understanding of the business drivers for CRM adoption in software service companies. The literature on CRM gives the impression of being inconsistent. The objective is to uncover the market trend and reasons for CRM adoption. A case study analysis involving three Bangalore based software service firms which implemented CRM, was done. Semi-structured interview method was used for gathering data. The key finding of this research is that competition and customer retention are the major motivators for a firm to adopt CRM. Software services companies are fast emerging all over the world especially in South Asia. These companies operate in a very competitive market and there is a need to differentiate a service from the competition, for endurance. One of these differentiators could be the adoption of CRM to improve service, performance, customer satisfaction and productivity. However, the process of CRM adoption in the service industry has not yet been studied. The value of this paper is that it illustrates how a case study approach can be used to understand the real market scenarios and identify business drivers for CRM adoption by software service firms. Keywords: Software service industry, CRM implementation, Key drivers, Case study investigatio

CRM Success Factors in Software Services firm: A Case Study Analysis

This study is undertaken to gain better understanding of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) success factors in software service and Information Technology (IT) companies. The literature on CRM gives the impression of being inconsistent. The objective is to uncover the success factors associated with a CRM project. A case study involving a Bangalore based IT company which had implemented CRM, was done. Semi-structured interview method was adopted for gathering data. The key finding is that effective leadership is critical for CRM success. The study confirms that the people, process and technology factors are crucial for a CRM program. IT companies are emerging significantly all over the world especially in Asia. These companies operate in a very competitive market and there is a need to distinguish a service from the competition, for survival. The effective use of CRM systems to improve service, performance, customer satisfaction and productivity is essential. However, the success factors for CRM in the service industry have not yet been studied. The value of this paper is that it illustrates how a case study approach can be used to understand the real CRM success factor in software service firms. Keywords: Software service industry, CRM success factor, Implementation, Case study investigatio

CRM Implementation in a Software Services firm: a Case Study Analysis

This study is undertaken to gain better understanding of CRM implementation in software service companies. The literature on CRM gives the impression of being inconsistent. The objective is to uncover the process of CRM implementation. A case study involving a Bangalore based software service firm which had implemented CRM, was done. Semi-structured interview method was adopted for gathering data. The key finding is that effective leadership is critical for CRM success. Also, findings have shown that CRM implementations have been successful and thus achieved corporate satisfaction. The study confirms that the people, process and technology factors are crucial for a CRM program. Software Services companies are emerging significantly all over the world especially in South Asia. These companies operate in a very competitive market and there is a need to distinguish a service from the competition, for endurance. The effective use of CRM systems to improve service, performance, customer satisfaction and productivity is fundamental. However, the process of CRM implementation in the service industry has not yet been studied. The paper outlines a guideline for a flexible CRM program. The value of this paper is that it illustrates how a case study approach can be used to understand the real implementation process by software service firms. Keywords: Software service industry, CRM implementation, Key drivers, Case study investigatio

ALDEHYDE EMISSIONS FROM TWO-STROKE AND FOUR-STROKE SPARK IGNITION ENGINES WITH CATALYTIC CONVERTER RUNING ON GASOHOL

Rad donosi rezultate ispitivanja emisije aldehida iz dvotaktnog i četverotaktnog jednocilindričnog motora na paljenje svjećicama koji koristi mješavinu benzina (80 vol. %) i alkohola (20 vol.); motor je prevučen bakrom (sloj debljine 300 μm na klipu i na unutarnjoj strani glave cilindra) i opremljen katalizatorom od spužvastog željeza. Rezultati su uspoređeni s konvencionalnim benzinskim motorom na paljenje svjećicama. Motor prevučen bakrom pokazuje smanjenje emisije aldehida u odnosu na konvencionalni motor za oba ispitna goriva. Katalitički pretvornik s ubrizgavanjem zraka značajno smanjuje štetne emisije kod oba ispitna goriva i kod obje konfiguracije motora.This paper reports aldehyde emissions from two-stroke and four-stroke, single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engines with gasohol (80 vol. % gasoline, 20 vol. % ethanol) having copper coated engine (copper-coated thickness, 300 μm) on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head) provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine with gasoline operation. Copper-coated engine showed reduction in aldehyde emissions when compared with conventional engine with both test fuels. Catalytic converter with air injection significantly reduced emissions with both test fuels on both configurations of the engine

POWER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR A GRID CONNECTED HYBRID SYSTEM WITH COORDINATE CONTROL

This paper presents the methods and strategies of coordinating hybrid system by using their constraints also giving picture about total harmonic distortion values. The system utilizes a photovoltaic system as a primary source and proton exchange membrane fuel cell as auxiliary source. The photovoltaic system is can be operated at maximum power point by using the technique MPPT(maximum power point tracking) and the fuel cell can be operates at its maximum efficiency range. The controller we are using here is fuzzy logic controller with this we can reduce the value of total harmonic distortion when compared to other controllers. Two modes of operation are feeder control mode and unit power control mode. Hence we can achieve the controllable operation, improving system performance with reduced running conditions, enhance system stability and total harmonic distortion can be reduced. The model is designed by using MATLAB software

A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PRINCIPLES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF COMMONLY OCCURRING MUCUNA SPS. IN INDIA

The genus Mucuna (Fabaceae) includes about 150 species and almost all the species are reported to contain L-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-Dopa), a non-protein amino acid that acts as precursor for the neurotransmitter dopamine, used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease. The present study was aimed to assess the pharmacologically active principles and antioxidant activities of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., Mucuna bracteata DC., Mucuna cochinchinensis (Lour.) A. Chev. black seeds sp. and Mucuna cochinchinensis (Lour.) A. Chev. white seeds sp. The aqueous extract of plant material was subjected to assess the pharmacologically active principles by using L-dopa quantification, determination of protein and flavonoids, total phenolic content, Inhibition of DPPH radical and Reducing power/Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. The results obtained showed that, Mucuna cochinchinensis black seeds sp. has highest protein, total phenolic content, L-dopa content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Mucuna bracteata seeds showed highest flavonoid content whereas, in FRAP assay Mucuna pruriens extract showed highest potential to reduce the ferric ions. It can be concluded from this study that, L-DOPA possesses antioxidant activity which was supported by in-vitro antioxidant assays. This indicates that the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts of all the Mucuna sps. may be due to the presence of L-Dopa content in its seed