Tecnologias para produção de frutas cítricas sem sementes: escolha de cultivares e planejamento do pomar.

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Fisiologia da formação de sementes em citros.

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Exploiting Cation Structure and Water Content in Modulating the Acidity of Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfate Protic Ionic Liquids

In this paper, we investigated the effect of cation structure and water content on proton dissociation in alkylammonium [HSO₄]⁻ protic ionic liquids (ILs) doped with 20 wt % water and correlated this with experimental Hammett acidities. For pure systems, increased cation substitution resulted in a reduction in the number of direct anion–anion neighbors leading to larger numbers of small aggregates, which is further enhanced with addition of water. We also observed spontaneous proton dissociation from [HSO₄]⁻ to water only for primary amine-based protic ILs, preceded by the formation of an anion trimer motif. Investigation using DFT calculations revealed spontaneous proton dissociation from [HSO₄]⁻ to water can occur for each of the protic ILs investigated; however, this is dependent on the size of the anion aggregates. These findings are important in the fields of catalysis and lignocellulosic biomass, where solvent acidity is a crucial parameter in biomass fractionation and lignin chemistry

STANLEY C21: Cultivar de Ameixeira Testada (Prunus domestica).

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Ameixeira: Histórico e perspectivas de cultivo.

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Latest advances in the use of double stranded RNA as a tool for viral protection in tomato plants.

Lately, great attention has been diverted to elucidating the mechanisms underlining plant gene silencing and the action of non-coding RNA in plants. Concomitantly, knowledge about the interactions between plants and pathogens has evolved greatly, bringing to the spotlight the importance of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a tool to generate or improve resistance against plant pathogens

Clinical and radiological features related to the growth potential of meningioma

Clinical and radiological features that help predict the growth potential of meningioma would be beneficial. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics related to proliferating potential using the MIB-1 staining index. We analyzed the relationship of MIB-1 staining indices to characteristics of 342 consecutive patients with meningioma surgically removed between 1995 and 2004 by logistic regression analysis. One hundred and forty-nine of the patients with meningioma were ≥60 in age; 89 male; 48 recurrent; 203 symptomatic; 157 at the skull base; 124 over 20 cm(3); 24 multiple; 136 with edema; 117 with calcification. The MIB-1 staining index in 56 of 296 grade I meningiomas in WHO classification was ≥ 3.0; in 27 of 28 grade II; and in 17 of 18 grade III, respectively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that male (odds ratio [OR], 2.374, p=0.003), recurrence (OR, 7.574, p=0.0001), skull base (OR, 0.540, p=0.035), calcification (OR, 0.498, p=0.019) were independent risk factors for a high MIB-1 staining index (≥3.0); age, symptomatic, volume, multiple, edema were not. Male, recurrence, non-skull base, absence of calcification are independent risk factors for a high proliferative potential. These should be taken into consideration when managing meningiomas

Últimos avanços no uso de RNA de fita dupla como ferramenta para proteção viral em plantas de tomate.

Latest advances in the use of double-stranded RNA as tool for viral protection in tomato plants. Lately, great attention has been diverted to elucidating the mechanisms underlining plant gene silencing and the action of non-coding RNA in plants. Concomitantly, knowledge about the interactions between plants and pathogens has evolved greatly, bringing to the spotlight the importance of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a tool to generate or improve resistance against plant pathogens. Plant viruses are responsible for important losses in the yield of several commodities. Viruses are very diverse, and to date, no products available in the market allow effective control of viral infections. The use of dsRNA molecules as a tool is based on the plant gene-silencing pathways (GS). After being topically applied, the dsRNA can activate GS, which uses it as a template for synthesizing small RNAs, leading to the degradation of specific RNA molecules present in the plant cell