21 research outputs found
Is it necessary to teach the theory of relativity in general physics course
The aim of the present investigation is to discuss and study the general structure of the course of Physics at the high school in an extended sense. In a narrower sense, the author wonders about the necessity for inclusion of the section Β«Theory of RelativityΒ» in the General Physics course, and discusses the possible site of this issue in the order of presentation. Methods. A method for designing Physics course in modern conditions requires certain sophistication from a lecturer. This is due to the strong reduction of Physics course occurred in recent years, and due to a number of objective and subjective reasons. Planning the course structure, one has to make the selection of most significant questions sacrificing minor and less significant issues. This process is particularly exacerbated by severe restrictions on the time allowed for the subject. It is necessary to re-examine the content of the course due to the recent reduction in lecture hours on Physics. In this case, it would be undesirable to neglect the substantial parts of the subject content which are important conceptually or in its applications, e.g. the Relativity Theory. The author discusses two ways of disposition of the relevant material in the course structure, and correlates them with the required level of Physics teaching. In the first approach the Relativity Theory course is considered as a part of Modern Mechanics and is placed in the first semester immediately following Kinematics. In the second approach, Relativistic Physics is presented as a result of deduction, as a generalized theory explaining the unity of the world and the objective existence of physicalΒ laws; in this case, the section is better to locate after Optics, immediately before Atomic Physics. Results. As a result of consideration, the author proves the conclusion that the inclusion of the Relativistic Theory course in a number of sections of General Physics is necessary. The author offers a list of questions for each of the anticipated levels of development of the subject and associates the place and depth of teaching relativism with these levels.Scientific novelty. Based on long-term teaching experience, the author summarizes and presents own research findings and results. The results of the investigation are presented in its original form, suitable for use as charts and tables.Practical significance. The author hopes that his results will be useful for a wide range of Physics teachers, mostly for the leading lecturers and trainers admitted to planning lectures and to the development of concepts in Physics teaching in higher educationΒ ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π° Β«Π’Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ» ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌ Β«ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΒ» ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
β ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«Π’Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ». ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° 1-ΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ β ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²; Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°, ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅, Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π²ΡΠ·Π°