Void formation by thermal stress concentration at twin interfaces in Cu thin films

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:13450281・基盤研究(B)(2) ・H13～H15/研究代表者:小池, 淳一/超高速LSI用Cu配線におけるボイド形成機構の研究

Void formation by thermal stress concentration at twin interfaces in Cu thin films

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:13450281・基盤研究(B)(2) ・H13～H15/研究代表者:小池, 淳一/超高速LSI用Cu配線におけるボイド形成機構の研究

Uncertainties in tidally adjusted estimates of sea level rise flooding (bathtub model) for the Greater London

Sea-level rise (SLR) from global warming may have severe consequences for coastal cities, particularly when combined with predicted increases in the strength of tidal surges. Predicting the regional impact of SLR flooding is strongly dependent on the modelling approach and accuracy of topographic data. Here, the areas under risk of sea water flooding for London boroughs were quantified based on the projected SLR scenarios reported in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) fifth assessment report (AR5) and UK climatic projections 2009 (UKCP09) using a tidally-adjusted bathtub modelling approach. Medium- to very high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are used to evaluate inundation extents as well as uncertainties. Depending on the SLR scenario and DEMs used, it is estimated that 3%–8% of the area of Greater London could be inundated by 2100. The boroughs with the largest areas at risk of flooding are Newham, Southwark, and Greenwich. The differences in inundation areas estimated from a digital terrain model and a digital surface model are much greater than the root mean square error differences observed between the two data types, which may be attributed to processing levels. Flood models from SRTM data underestimate the inundation extent, so their results may not be reliable for constructing flood risk maps. This analysis provides a broad-scale estimate of the potential consequences of SLR and uncertainties in the DEM-based bathtub type flood inundation modelling for London boroughs

Albumin utilization review to evaluate the efficacy and cost, perform as a qualitative study in special wards in Shaheed Rajaei cardiovascular, medical &research center

Drug utilization studies may be one of the major design of optimizing the costeffectiveness of treatment regimens and drugs that used to compare the costs and effects of alternative therapies. Human albumin (HA) is widely used for hypoalbuminemia and other diseases from deficiency of blood and liver factors. HA cost in the clinical setting is still controversial And Since use of albumin an established second line therapy process which is to be used in supportive drug for patients .on this study Trying to find first albumin protocol therapy cost was evaluated Then appropriate practice to be Alternate. A prospective, cross-sectional research was performed in "Shaheed Rajaei" Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center during a 6-month continuous interval, in which, 300 patients have been evaluated .The study included patients who on a daily basis take albumin from the central pharmacy of Shaheed Rajaei hospital attaints time of receipt drug until discharge from hospital or termination of treatment were studied continuously. Demographic data including dose, intervals and durations have been registered, and then compared with international guidelines such as Data analyses have been done by SPSS 16 software. The results of this study indicated that among 300 in-patients who had prescribed albumin prescription assumed inappropriate for 281 patients (93.7), The most common reason was incorrect indication of prescription without checking serum albumin level (56.39) .base on this study the most reasons of albumin use were ascites and edema (57.9),during the course of CABG(27.5),hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia(33.3),acute nephritis(17.6),hemodialysis(19.6). also rate of infusion error was (16.5 )and error related to dosages of order was ( 23.8 ).according to guidelines dosage of adminstration must be base on weight and serum albumin level that not be considred in intensive wards. According to data from this study suggests that You can see the protocol therapy based on the patient's needs Albumin consumption to reduce the cost of treatment and The lack of effectiveness of the drug, especially compared to other alternative medicines reduced

Lagrangian description of the fluid flow with vorticity in the relativistic cosmology

We develop the Lagrangian perturbation theory in the general relativistic cosmology, which enables us to take into account the vortical effect of the dust matter. Under the Lagrangian representation of the fluid flow, the propagation equation for the vorticity as well as the density is exactly solved. Based on this, the coupling between the density and vorticity is clarified in a non-perturbative way. The relativistic correspondence to the Lagrangian perturbation theory in the Newtonian cosmology is also emphasized.Comment: 14 pages (RevTeX); accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Measurement of Potential Drop Distribution by Scanning the Closely Coupled Probes Sensor for Sensitive NDE of Shallow Surface Cracks

Highly sensitive nondestructive evaluation of shallow surface cracks is realized through the distributions of d-c potential drop obtained by scanning the closely coupled four-point-probes sensor around the crack. A methodology is developed for evaluating the depth and length of a three-dimensional surface crack from the potential drop profiles measured across and along the crack, where the experimental result is compared with the corresponding prediction of finite element analysis. The highly sensitive characteristic of the measured profiles is also extended to the potential drop imaging for identifying the location of cracks in a clear pictorial form. It is verified that the method is a powerful tool for characterizing very small fatigue cracks (sub-millimeter depth) on the surface of metallic structures

Remediation of Desertificated Land with the Cola Ash -In the Case of Inner Mongolia of China-

大聖寺高校金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科The University Western Ontario千葉大学Abiko Research LaboratoryScedule:17-18 March 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa, Japan, Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Project Leader : Hayakawa, Kazuichi, Symposium Secretariat: XO kamata, Naoto, Edited by:Kamata, Naoto