A study to evaluate the effectiveness of early suckling on third stage of labour among parturient women in Government Ranees Hospital at Pudukkottai

A True Experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of early suckling on third stage of labour among parturient women at Government Ranees Hospital, Pudukkottai, was taken by Ms. Mangai.S in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING by the Tamilnadu Dr.M.G.R.Medical University Chennai. OBJECTIVES 1. To evaluate the effectiveness of early suckling on third stage of labour among parturient women in experimental and control group. 2. To associate the duration of third stage of labour among parturient women in experimental and control group with the selected demographic variables. 3. To associate the amount of blood loss among parturient women in experimental and control group with the selected demographic variables. Conceptual Frame Work : Christen M.Swans Theory Of Caring (1993) Research Design : Post test Only Control Group Design Group Design : E X O1 R C ----- O2 Population : The target population was parturient women in third stage of labour. Sample size : 120 mothers, 60 in the experimental group and 60 mothers Sampling Technique : Probability simple random sampling Setting : Government Ranees Hospital, Pudukkottai. Tool : Structured observation record for observing duration and amount of blood loss, standardised Latch score and maternal satisfaction rating scale Data collection : A true experimental post test only control group design was used. The time of data collection was day and night of all seven days of the week. The early suckling was given for about fifteen minutes to note the change in the duration of third stage labour and Blood loss during third stage of labour. Data analysis : Descriptive statistics (Frequency, percentage mean and standard deviation) and Inferential statistics were used to the research Hypothesis and the Latch score was assessed using standardised rating scale and maternal satisfaction score was also assessed using rating scale. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY In experimental group 52(86.67%) of them had 8-10 minutes duration of third stage of labour whereas in control group 21 (35.0%) had 8-10minutes, 8 (13.33%) of them had 11-13 minutes in experimental group, whereas in control group 28(46.7%) had 11-13 mts and in experimental group none of them were in 14-16 mts whereas in control group 11(18.33%)had 14-16 mts. In experimental group the mean value was 1.13,standard deviation was 0.34 , whereas in control group the mean value was 1.83,. In experimental group 47(78.33%) of them had 100-150 ml of total blood loss , whereas in control group29(48.33%)of had 100-150 ml. In experimental group the mean value was 1.13 whereas 1.83 in control group ,standard deviation was to 0.46 in experimental group, whereas 0.66- reveals that early suckling was effective in reducing the duration of third stage of labour and blood loss. There was a significant association found on duration of third stage of labour and blood loss among parturient women in experimental group with their selected demographic variables. The Latch score was assessed using standardised rating scale and maternal satisfaction score was also assessed using rating scale and both of found to be 100% among experimental group. CONCLUSION : 1. The early suckling was the most safe and most effective intervention during third stage of labour. 2. The administration of early suckling can naturally release the oxytocin to stimulate the uterine contraction and it helps to reduce duration of third stage of labour and amount of blood loss and increase maternal infant bonding

Factors affecting the performance of South African municipal officials: stakeholders’ perspectives

Since the inception of the democratically elected post-apartheid government, South Africa has experienced growing numbers of protests about inadequate provision of basic municipal services. Recent studies have revealed that the poor performance of municipal officials contributes towards poor municipal service delivery. This article is based on a study which used qualitative key stakeholder interviews to analyse the performance of South African municipal officials, specifically in the delivery of services. It found that the following inter-related factors were responsible for the lack of performance: an unsupportive institutional environment, negative power struggles, over-regulation, political interference, a tense and bureaucratic environment, lack of coherent management systems, absence of a culture of excellence, poor skill utilisation, poor oversight mechanisms, weak capacity to engage in collaborations, and lack of trust between councillors from different political parties. The study concludes that for South African municipalities to meet their constitutional obligations to deliver optimal basic services to the people, the government must, inter alia, invest in building the capacity of municipal officials through the development of skills and other crucial local government interventions and transformations. The municipalities should also depoliticise local government and promote non-partisan appointment of municipal officials

Engaging communities as partners: policing strategies in Johannesburg

PURPOSE : This paper aims to explore police perspectives on community engagement strategies within the context of crime prevention in South Africa, focusing on Johannesburg metropolitan police stations. The study’s objective is to scrutinise the effectiveness and challenges of community policing strategies. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : Through a qualitative research approach, this study conducted unstructured interviews with station commanders and visible policing officers across 10 Johannesburg metropolitan police stations. FINDINGS : The findings reveal that community policing strategies, such as community–policing forums, sector policing, street patrollers and social media utilisation, can effectively engage communities as partners in crime prevention. However, certain challenges such as resource limitations and difficulties in policing-specific regions, were also identified. ORIGINALITY/VALUE : This study contributes to the broader understanding of community–policing partnerships and the practical implications of community–policing strategies in South Africa, suggesting areas for improvement and adaptation to the unique South African context. This knowledge can help optimise efforts to foster stronger relationships between police and communities, bolster public trust and ultimately improve crime prevention outcomes.The National Research Foundation (NRF).https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1757-8043hj2024School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)SDG-11:Sustainable cities and communitie

Assessing service delivery : public perception of municipal service delivery in South Africa

Existing research reveals that there has been increasing community impatience related to basic municipal service delivery in developing countries, for example, South Africa. Many scholars have argued that the rise in service delivery protests in South Africa can be attributed to organisational failure to provide satisfactory basic services because many communities remain un-serviced. This article investigates citizen satisfaction with basic municipal service delivery in South Africa and analyses citizen perceptions thereof based on the South African Social Attitude Survey. The study is quantitative in nature. The findings reveal that citizen dissatisfaction with service delivery is influenced by factors such as perceptions of relative deprivation and inequality, unfulfilled political promises, uneven access to services, provision of substandard services and high levels of poverty including disparities which emanate from the post-apartheid regime. The article is relevant at this point because many African municipalities are facing similar service delivery challenges.http://um.ase.ro/home.htmam2019School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA

The police and citizens as co-producers of crime prevention in Johannesburg

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Data is unavailable due to privacy/ethical restrictions.The city of Johannesburg is the largest metropolitan municipality out of eight in South Africa. It is notorious for its high levels of crime, with a crime index of 80.72 and a safety index of 19.28. This article examines crime prevention co-production in the Johannesburg metropolitan area. The purpose of the study was to analyse how co-production of crime prevention is organised in Johannesburg and to understand the effectiveness of the practice there. Collaborations between the regular producers (police) and citizens were assessed to fully determine the potential of crime prevention co-production. This led to qualitative interviews with 20 police officers from 10 police stations in the Johannesburg metropolitan area. A citizen survey was conducted with a selected sample from the population (n = 400) residing in the neighbourhoods covered by the police stations investigated. The findings indicate that police officers have devised practices and programmes to co-produce crime prevention. These include the sharing of pamphlets and crime prevention education and awareness during school visitations, the use of Zello technology, community police forums, and information sharing at the youth desk and in WhatsApp groups. Nevertheless, these practices do not seem to be popular among the citizens. There is a contradiction in the perception of successful crime prevention co-production between citizens and the police. This is mainly due to citizens’ lack of trust in the police. The study acknowledged the importance of the work carried out by the police in crime prevention co-production but also observed the citizens’ lack of trust in the police as a potential threat to crime prevention co-production. Trust is crucial in managing information sharing on crime prevention. Front line professionals, such as the police, will not be able to meet future crime challenges if there is a trust deficit. Hence, it is important to restore trust in the work carried out by the police. Professionals in public administration could learn about the importance of trust in their crucial role of implementing policies, government programmes, and service delivery.The National Research Foundation (NRF).https://www.mdpi.com/journal/admsciSchool of Public Management and Administration (SPMA

Enhanced Secure Group on-Demand Routing Protocol for MANET

Abstract: MANET doesn't need a set network infrastructure; each single node works as each a transmitter and a receiver and they trust their neighbors to relay messages. Unfortunately, the open medium and remote distribution of MANET create it at risk of numerous kinds of attacks. In this project, we define solid privacy requirements regarding malicious attackers in MANET. There are so many existing research work proposed a implementation of new intrusion-detection systems. Existing works demonstrated the higher malicious-behavior-detection rates in certain circumstances while does not greatly affect the network performances. But the problem is most of the systems are on-demand manner, that means after the attack only detection will be done. These methods may help to civil application, but in defense application existing system won't provide much security. So we proposed a method with incorporated digital signature with group ID and Routing packets. By our method we can avoid the INTRUDERS

Neglected Diseases in the News: A Content Analysis of Recent International Media Coverage Focussing on Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis

In recent years, there has been a flurry of activity to reverse the neglect that has characterised NTDs, mostly focussed on drug development. The drug gap may be explained by market failure, yet other forces also conspire to cause the neglect of NTDs. One problem is the low visibility of these diseases. By comparison, the high-profile “big three” infectious diseases of AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria have received increased donor attention and funding with greater visibility. Efforts to remove the “neglect” from NTDs must involve raising their profile. This study, focussing on three of the most neglected diseases, aims to provide a context of the current media situation—the what, where, and why of NTD coverage—to support future advocacy work

Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape

A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. Two phenylalanines at the loop apex were predicted by docking and mutagenesis data to interact with the viral membrane. Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses abrogated neutralization by CAP248-2B, but enhanced neutralization sensitivity to 35O22, 4E10, and 10E8 by 10-100-fold. Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design

Structure and recognition of a novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 interface antibody that caused MPER exposure through viral escape.

CAPRISA, 2017.Abstract available in pdf