4,829 research outputs found
Conformal Invariance of Black Hole Temperature
It is shown that the surface gravity and temperature of a stationary black
hole are invariant under conformal transformations of the metric that are the
identity at infinity. More precisely, we find a conformal invariant definition
of the surface gravity of a conformal Killing horizon that agrees with the
usual definition(s) for a true Killing horizon and is proportional to the
temperature as defined by Hawking radiation. This result is reconciled with the
intimate relation between the trace anomaly and the Hawking effect, despite the
{\it non}invariance of the trace anomaly under conformal transformations.Comment: 8 pages, plain LaTeX, NSF-ITP-93-9
Generalized entropy and Noether charge
We find an expression for the generalized gravitational entropy of Hawking in
terms of Noether charge. As an example, the entropy of the Taub-Bolt spacetime
is calculated.Comment: 6 pages, revtex, reference correcte
A non-singular black hole model as a possible end-product of gravitational collapse
In this paper we present a non-singular black hole model as a possible
end-product of gravitational collapse. The depicted spacetime which is type
[II,(II)], by Petrov classification, is an exact solution of the Einstein
equations and contains two horizons. The equation of state in the radial
direction, is a well-behaved function of the density and smoothly reproduces
vacuum-like behavior near r=0 while tending to a polytrope at larger r, low
density, values. The final equilibrium configuration comprises of a de
Sitter-like inner core surrounded by a family of 2-surfaces of matter fields
with variable equation of state. The fields are all concentrated in the
vicinity of the radial center r=0. The solution depicts a spacetime that is
asymptotically Schwarzschild at large r, while it becomes de Sitter-like for
vanishing r. Possible physical interpretations of the macro-state of the black
hole interior in the model are offered. We find that the possible state admits
two equally viable interpretations, namely either a quintessential intermediary
region or a phase transition in which a two-fluid system is in both dynamic and
thermodynamic equilibrium. We estimate the ratio of pure matter present to the
total energy and in both (interpretations) cases find it to be virtually the
same, being 0.83. Finally, the well-behaved dependence of the density and
pressure on the radial coordinate provides some insight on dealing with the
information loss paradox.Comment: 12 Pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Black-hole information puzzle: A generic string-inspired approach
Given the insight steming from string theory, the origin of the black-hole
(BH) information puzzle is traced back to the assumption that it is physically
meaningful to trace out the density matrix over negative-frequency Hawking
particles. Instead, treating them as virtual particles necessarily absorbed by
the BH in a manner consistent with the laws of BH thermodynamics, and tracing
out the density matrix only over physical BH states, the complete evaporation
becomes compatible with unitarity.Comment: 8 pages, revised, title changed, to appear in Eur. Phys. J.
Information Loss in Black Holes
The question of whether information is lost in black holes is investigated
using Euclidean path integrals. The formation and evaporation of black holes is
regarded as a scattering problem with all measurements being made at infinity.
This seems to be well formulated only in asymptotically AdS spacetimes. The
path integral over metrics with trivial topology is unitary and information
preserving. On the other hand, the path integral over metrics with non-trivial
topologies leads to correlation functions that decay to zero. Thus at late
times only the unitary information preserving path integrals over trivial
topologies will contribute. Elementary quantum gravity interactions do not lose
information or quantum coherence
Quantum Coherence and Closed Timelike Curves
Various calculations of the matrix have shown that it seems to be non
unitary for interacting fields when there are closed timelike curves. It is
argued that this is because there is loss of quantum coherence caused by the
fact that part of the quantum state circulates on the closed timelike curves
and is not measured at infinity. A prescription is given for calculating the
superscattering matrix on space times whose parameters can be
analytically continued to obtain a Euclidean metric. It is illustrated by a
discussion of a spacetime in with two disks in flat space are identified. If
the disks have an imaginary time separation, this corresponds to a heat bath.
An external field interacting with the heat bath will lose quantum coherence.
One can then analytically continue to an almost real separation of the disks.
This will give closed timelike curves but one will still get loss of quantum
coherence.Comment: 13 page
Gravitational Entropy and Global Structure
The underlying reason for the existence of gravitational entropy is traced to
the impossibility of foliating topologically non-trivial Euclidean spacetimes
with a time function to give a unitary Hamiltonian evolution. In dimensions
the entropy can be expressed in terms of the obstructions to foliation,
bolts and Misner strings, by a universal formula. We illustrate with a number
of examples including spaces with nut charge. In these cases, the entropy is
not just a quarter the area of the bolt, as it is for black holes.Comment: 18 pages. References adde
New Scale Factor Measure
The computation of probabilities in an eternally inflating universe requires
a regulator or "measure". The scale factor time measure truncates the universe
when a congruence of timelike geodesics has expanded by a fixed volume factor.
This definition breaks down if the generating congruence is contracting---a
serious limitation that excludes from consideration gravitationally bound
regions such as our own. Here we propose a closely related regulator which is
well-defined in the entire spacetime. The New Scale Factor Cutoff restricts to
events with scale factor below a given value. Since the scale factor vanishes
at caustics and crunches, this cutoff always includes an infinite number of
disconnected future regions. We show that this does not lead to divergences.
The resulting measure combines desirable features of the old scale factor
cutoff and of the light-cone time cutoff, while eliminating some of the
disadvantages of each.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure; v2: references adde
On the fate of black string instabilities: An Observation
Gregory and Laflamme (hep-th/9301052) have argued that an instability causes
the Schwarzschild black string to break up into disjoint black holes. On the
other hand, Horowitz and Maeda (arXiv:hep-th/0105111) derived bounds on the
rate at which the smallest sphere can pinch off, showing that, if it happens at
all, such a pinch-off can occur only at infinite affine parameter along the
horizon. An interesting point is that, if a singularity forms, such an infinite
affine parameter may correspond to a finite advanced time -- which is in fact a
more appropriate notion of time at infinity. We argue below that pinch-off at a
finite advanced time is in fact a natural expectation under the bounds derived
by Horowitz and Maeda.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, 1 figure, references adde
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