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    ВАКЦИНОТЕРАПИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ДЕНДРИТНЫХ КЛЕТОК У БОЛЬНЫХ ПОЧЕЧНО-КЛЕТОЧНЫМ РАКОМ

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    Objective: to study the efficiency and tolerance of autologous vaccine therapy based on dendritic cells (DC) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to examine changes in immunological parameters and their association with the efficiency of the therapy. Subjects and methods. Twenty-nine patients with RCC received autologous vaccine therapy based on DC in 2002 to 2008. Therapy was performed in the induction mode in 16 patients before disease progression and in the adjuvant mode (8 vaccinations) in 13 patients after radical nephrectomy (grade III) or radical metastasectomy. Peripheral blood monocyte-derived DCs treated with autologous tumor lysate were used to prepare the vaccine. Results. In a group of 16 patients with distant metastases, partial regressions were recorded in 2 (12.5%) patients and long (> 6-month) stabilizations of a tumor process were observed in other 2 (12.5%) patients. The median time prior to progression was 3 (range 1.5-12) months. Thirteen patients on adjuvant treatment did not achieve the median time to progression: 4 patients showed no signs of disease progression ?12 to ?25 months after metastasectomy. Patients with a clinical effect (disease regression or long stabilization) showed a significant increase in the populations of CD3+CD8+ and CD3-CD16+ T lymphocytes (natural killers (NK) cells) after 3 vaccinations from 23.3 to 27.2% (p = 0.018) and from 15.17 to 20.3%, respectively (p = 0.03). Prior to vaccine therapy, the count of CD3+CD16+-NK cells was thrice greater in patients with the progressive disease than that in the donor group - 11.2 and 3.5%, respectively. The baseline count of CD4+CD25+ Т lymphocytes in patients with progressive disease was also significantly higher than that in patients with the clinical effect - 12.01 and 5.6%, respectively. Conclusion. In patients with RCC, DC-based vaccine therapy is able to induce a specific anti-tumor immune response that is transformed into the clinical effect in some cases. The baseline count of suppressor T lymphocyte (NKT and T-reg) populations may be a factor that predicts the efficiency of autologous DC-based vaccine therapy in patients with RCC. This immunotherapeutic approach merits further study, by defining the indications for its application in patients with RCC.Цель исследования - определить эффективность и переносимость аутологичной вакцинотерапии на основе дендритных клеток (ДК) у больных почечно-клеточным раком (ПКР). Изучить динамику иммунологических показателей и их связь с эффективностью лечения. Материалы и методы. В период с 2002 по 2008 г. 29 больных ПКР получили аутологичную вакцинотерапию на основе ДК. У 16 пациентов с наличием отдаленных метастазов терапия проведена в индукционном режиме до прогрессирования болезни и у 13 - в адъювантном режиме (8 вакцинаций) после выполнения радикальной нефрэктомии (III степени) или радикальной метастазэктомии. Для приготовления вакцины использовали культивированные из моноцитов периферической крови ДК, обработанные аутологичным опухолевым лизатом. Результаты. В группе из 16 больных с наличием отдаленных метастазов у 2 (12,5%) зафиксированы частичные регрессии, еще у 2 (12,5%) пациентов наблюдались длительные стабилизации опухолевого процесса (>6 мес). Медиана времени до прогрессирования составила 3 (1,5-12+) мес. У 13 больных, получавших адъювантное лечение, медиана времени до прогрессирования не достигнута: 4 пациента после метастазэктомии наблюдаются без признаков прогрессирования болезни от ?d12 до ?d25 мес У больных с клиническим эффектом (регрессия или длительная стабилизация болезни) наблюдалось достоверное увеличение популяции CD3+CD8+ и CD3-CD16+ (натуральные киллеры - НК) Т-лимфоцитов после 3 вакцинаций с 23,3 до 27,2% (р=0,018) и с 15,17 до 20,3% (р=0,03) соответственно. У больных с прогрессирующим течением заболевания число CD3+CD16+-НКT-лимфоцитов до начала вакцинотерапии в 3 раза превышало значение этого показателя в донорской группе - 11,2 и 3,5% соответственно. Исходное содержание CD4+CD25+-популяции Т-лимфоцитов у пациентов с прогрессированием болезни также было достоверно выше, чем у больных с клиническим эффектом - 12,01 и 5,6% соответственно. Выводы. Вакцинотерапия, проведенная на основе ДК, способна индуцировать специфический противоопухолевый иммунный ответ у больных ПКР, который в отдельных случаях трансформируется в клинический эффект. Исходное содержание супрессорных популяций Т-лимфоцитов (НКT и T-reg) может являться фактором, прогнозирующим эффективность проведения вакцинотерапии на основе аутологичных ДК у больных ПКР. Целесообразно дальнейшее изучение данного иммунотерапевтического подхода с определением показаний к его использованию у больных ПКР

    DENDRITIC CELL-BASED VACCINE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

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    Objective: to study the efficiency and tolerance of autologous vaccine therapy based on dendritic cells (DC) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to examine changes in immunological parameters and their association with the efficiency of the therapy. Subjects and methods. Twenty-nine patients with RCC received autologous vaccine therapy based on DC in 2002 to 2008. Therapy was performed in the induction mode in 16 patients before disease progression and in the adjuvant mode (8 vaccinations) in 13 patients after radical nephrectomy (grade III) or radical metastasectomy. Peripheral blood monocyte-derived DCs treated with autologous tumor lysate were used to prepare the vaccine. Results. In a group of 16 patients with distant metastases, partial regressions were recorded in 2 (12.5%) patients and long (> 6-month) stabilizations of a tumor process were observed in other 2 (12.5%) patients. The median time prior to progression was 3 (range 1.5-12) months. Thirteen patients on adjuvant treatment did not achieve the median time to progression: 4 patients showed no signs of disease progression ?12 to ?25 months after metastasectomy. Patients with a clinical effect (disease regression or long stabilization) showed a significant increase in the populations of CD3+CD8+ and CD3-CD16+ T lymphocytes (natural killers (NK) cells) after 3 vaccinations from 23.3 to 27.2% (p = 0.018) and from 15.17 to 20.3%, respectively (p = 0.03). Prior to vaccine therapy, the count of CD3+CD16+-NK cells was thrice greater in patients with the progressive disease than that in the donor group - 11.2 and 3.5%, respectively. The baseline count of CD4+CD25+ Т lymphocytes in patients with progressive disease was also significantly higher than that in patients with the clinical effect - 12.01 and 5.6%, respectively. Conclusion. In patients with RCC, DC-based vaccine therapy is able to induce a specific anti-tumor immune response that is transformed into the clinical effect in some cases. The baseline count of suppressor T lymphocyte (NKT and T-reg) populations may be a factor that predicts the efficiency of autologous DC-based vaccine therapy in patients with RCC. This immunotherapeutic approach merits further study, by defining the indications for its application in patients with RCC
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