FMI y los países subdesarrollados : condicionalidad y estrategia

Reunión: Conferencia sobre la Condionalidad del FMI, marzo 198

Characterizing the Prevalence of Chromosome Instability in Interval Colorectal Cancer

A substantial proportion of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are interval CRCs (I-CRCs; i.e., CRCs diagnosed soon after a colonoscopy). Chromosomal instability (CIN) is defined as an increase in the rate of which whole chromosomes/large chromosomal fragments are gained or lost and is observed in 85% of non-hereditary CRCs. The contribution of CIN to the etiology of I-CRCs remains unknown. We established a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach to characterize CIN by enumerating specific chromosomes and determined the prevalence of numerical CIN in a population-based cohort of I-CRCs and control (sporadic) CRCs. Using the population-based Manitoba Health administrative databases and Manitoba Cancer Registry, we identified an age, sex, and colonic site of CRC matched cohort of I-CRCs and controls and retrieved their archived paraffin-embedded tumor samples. FISH chromosome enumeration probes specifically recognizing the pericentric regions of chromosomes 8, 11, and 17 were first used on cell lines and then CRC tissue microarrays to detect aneusomy, which was then used to calculate a CIN score (CS). The 15th percentile CS for control CRC was used to define CIN phenotype. Mean CSs were similar in the control CRCs and I-CRCs; 82% of I-CRCs exhibited a CIN phenotype, which was similar to that in the control CRCs. This study suggests that CIN is the most prevalent contributor to genomic instability in I-CRCs. Further studies should evaluate CIN and microsatellite instability (MSI) in the same cohort of I-CRCs to corroborate our findings and to further assess concomitant contribution of CIN and MSI to I-CRCs

Do projeto político do Banco Mundial ao projeto político-pedagógico da escola pública brasileira

Este artigo analisa as relações estabelecidas entre a equipe de diretores, técnicos e conselheiros do Banco Mundial, autores de um projeto político para a educação pública que conta com a conivência da equipe brasileira do Ministério da Educação (MEC). A autora revela as relações de poder entre as equipes e afirma que ocorre uma apropriação das estruturas institucionais educacionais do país por meio do desenvolvimento de projetos, programas e planos que alcançam o interior da escola pública, entre eles o projeto político-pedagógico