Assessing Needs for Gerontological Education in Urban and Rural Areas of Ohio

Purpose of the Study: This project surveyed health care professionals from both urban and rural care settings in Ohio and examined differences in professionals’ needs and interests in continuing gerontological education. Design and Methods: The survey data were analyzed for 766 health care professionals descriptively, using cross-tabulations and c2 tests. Results: The key findings were that professionals are willing to drive a maximum time of one-hour per week to travel one way to attend classes/workshops to earn gerontology certificate among both urban and rural drivers [(4,N=514)=11.65,p=.020]. Distance learning was the most preferred method for furthering gerontological education for both urban (39%) and rural (49%) participants. One quarter or fewer of the professionals were interested in obtaining a master’s degree. Of slightly greater interest was pursuit of a graduate gerontology certificate (25% urban and 28% rural). It is concluded that there is a need and desire for professionals working with aging populations in Ohio to pursue additional education. Preferences for obtaining education inform us of the ways in which education can best be delivered. Implications: Youngstown State University can apply to increase gerontological education access in both urban and rural areas. Such educational opportunities will be a great service to the urban and rural areas of the aging population in the state of Ohio

Do parents who smoke underutilize health care services for their children? A cross sectional study within the longitudinal PIAMA study

Background. A higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and an associated increase in health care utilization among children with parents who smoke is to be expected. From previous studies however, it appears that parents who smoke may underutilize health services for their children, especially with respect to respiratory care. This study explores the validity and generalizability of the previous assumption. Methods. Data were obtained from a Dutch birth-cohort study; the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) project. Information regarding parental smoking, the child's respiratory symptoms and health care use and potential confounders were obtained by postal questionnaires. Multivariate logistic models were used to relate parental smoking to the child's respiratory symptoms and health care use. Results. The study comprised 3,564, 4-year old children. In the crude analysis, respiratory symptoms were more frequent among children with a parent who smoked, while health care utilization for respiratory symptoms was not significantly different between children with or without a parent who smoked. In the multivariate analyses, maternal smoking had a larger impact on the child's respiratory symptoms and health care use as compared to paternal smoking. Maternal smoking was positively associated with mild respiratory symptoms of the child, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.50 (1.19-1.91), but not with severe respiratory symptoms AOR 1.03 (0.75-1.40). Among children with mild respiratory symptoms, children with a mother who smoked were less likely to be taken to the general practitioner (GP) for respiratory symptoms, than children with mothers who did not smoke, AOR 0.58 (0.33-1.01). This finding was less pronounced among children with severe respiratory symptoms AOR 0.86 (0.49-1.52). Neither GP visits for non-respiratory symptoms nor specialized care for respiratory disease were significantly associated with parental smoking. Conclusion. Mothers who smoke appear to underutilize health care for their children with mild respiratory symptoms. Health care workers should be informed about this phenomenon. Inquiring after the respiratory health of the children during regular visits to healthy baby clinics may help to tr

Anbahnung Talker gestützter Kommunikation mit Augenansteuerung bei einem Kind mit schwerer zerebraler Bewegungsstörung - eine Falldokumentation

Hintergrund: Sprach- und Kommunikationsförderung bei Kindern mit cerebralen Bewegungsstörungen ohne (oder mit unzureichender) Lautsprache erfordert den Einbezug gezielter Maßnahmen Unterstützter Kommunikation (UK) . Nach stagnierender Kommunikationsanbahnung mithilfe manueller Ansteuerung einfacher elektronischer Tasten und Versuchen bildgestützter Kommunikation, stellte sich die Frage, ob ein 5-jähriger Junge unserer Klinik mit schwerer Tetraplegie und Dysarthrie nach perinataler Asphyxie ohne Lautsprache durch gezieltes Training mithife eines augengesteuerten Talkers die basalen motorischen Fähigkeiten zur Bedienung erwirbt und seine kommunikativen Fähigkeiten steigern kann.Material und Methoden: Die Anbahnung erfolgte über 4 Monate mit dem Talker My Tobii C 12 mit Ceye Modul . Das interdisziplinäre Training durch Logopädin, Erzieherin und Eltern umfasste 1.Optimierung der Positionierung im Reha Buggy mittels Kopfstütze, 2.Verbesserung der Ansteuerung bildlicher Angebote auf dem gesamten Bildschirm (9 Rasterfelder), 3. Erweiterung der kommunikativen Fähigkeit des aktiven Wünschens in Spiel- und Alltagssituationen. Mittels Video dokumentierten wir die Blickbewegungen der Ansteuerungs- und Auslöseversuche auf dem Bildschirm in Vor- und Nachtest nach 2 und 4 Monaten.Ergebnisse: Ansteuerungssicherheit und Blickdauer steigern sich im Trainingsverlauf deutlich. Nach 2 Monaten ist aktives Wünschen mit Auswahl aus 2 fotogestützten Angeboten möglich, nach 4 Monaten aus 4 Angeboten, sowie erfolgreiches Finden/Ansteuern erfragter Personen aus 9 angebotenen Fotos. Zusätzlich nutzt der Junge beginnend das symbolgestützte Beantworten von ja/nein Fragen.Diskussion: Die Anbahnung Talker gestützter Kommunikation mit Augenansteuerung zeigte nach kurzer Trainingszeit deutliche, der manuellen Ansteuerung überlegene Erfolge, die dem Kind erstmals die aktive Partizipation an seinem sozialen Umfeld ermöglichen und die Grundlage für den weiteren Spracherwerb und die Beschulung deutlich verbessern

Reactive nanometer multilayers as tailored heat sources for joining techniques

Established joining techniques like welding, soldering or brazing typically are characterized by a large amount of heat input into the components. Especially in the case of heat sensitive structures like MEMS this often results in stress induced deformation and degradation or even in damaging the parts. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more reliable and reproducible method for joining, which is characterized by a well defined and small heat input for only a short time period. So-called reactive nanometer multilayers offer a promising approach to meet these needs. Reactive nanometer multilayers consist of several hundreds or thousands of alternating nanoscale layers, which can react with each other. Placing a reactive nanometer multilayer between two surfaces already applied with a solder or brazing metal, it can be used as a controllable local heat source. After activating the chemical reaction by an electrical spark, laser pulse or impact, a self-sustaining intermixing reaction starts, which travels the length of the reactive nanometer multilayer resulting in a stable intermetallic material, such as NiAl. The peak temperature of the reaction can be well above 1000 deg C, but it only reaches this temperature for milliseconds, so that the heat is localized to the solder layers. The component remains at room temperature during the entire process. We will present first results in the fabrication of reactive nanometer multilayers by magnetron and ion beam sputter deposition, the fabrication of free standing nanometer multilayers and first joining experiments. Furthermore, we will give an outlook on future developments, such as alternative material combinations for the generation of higher or lower amounts of hea

Social Behavior in Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas)

Although belugas are considered to be highly affiliative in nature, juvenile females show less social affiliations overall compared to the juvenile males. These social patterns appear to continue into adulthood, since adult female belugas are also reported to have weaker social bonds than males both in the wild (reviewed in Michaud, 2005) and in managed care (Hill et. al., 2016, 2018). •Animals in controlled settings that produce spontaneous behavior that is similar to their free-ranging conspecifics, may be evidence that acontrolled environment is supportive of their welfare. •The purpose of this study was to longitudinally assess social interactions and behaviors among adult belugas. This may allow for a better understanding of behaviors which are universal to the species and behaviors which may be learned within managed care along with the availability of humans to interact with

High reflection optics and high precision metrology for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light

The ever-decreasing pattern size of structures in integrated circuits requires lithography processes using light of ever-shorter wavelengths. Currently, laser light with wavelengths of 248 nm and 193 nm is used for the illumination in production lines of semiconductor factories. However, since several years many research groups are already dealing with the most promising next generation lithography, the extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) that will use light with a wavelength of 13,5 nm. This paper summarizes recent research and development results of IWS Dresden in the field of preparation of EUV reflection optics and EUV metrology

Reactive nanometer mulitlayers as tailored heat sources for joining techniques

Established joining techniques like welding, soldering or brazing typically are characterized by a large amount of heat input into the components. Especially in the case of heat sensitive structures like MEMS this often results in stress induced deformation and degradation or even in damaging the parts. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more reliable and reproducible method for joining, which is characterized by a well defined and small heat input for only a short time period. So-called reactive nanometer multilayers offer a promising approach to meet these needs. Reactive nanometer multilayers consist of several hundreds or thousands of alternating nanoscale layers, which can exothermicly react with each other. Placing a reactive nanometer multilayer coated with a solder or brazing layer between two surfaces, it can be used as a controllable local heat source for joining. After activating the chemical reaction by an electrical spark, laser pulse or mechanical impact, aself-sustaining intermixing reaction starts, which propagates through the whole film resulting in a stable intermetallic compound, such as NiAl. The peak temperature of the reaction can be well above 1400 °C, but this temperature is only reached for milliseconds, so that the heat is localized to the solder layers. The components itself remain at room temperature during the entire process