5 research outputs found
Elevated IL-17A and IL-22 regulate expression of inducible CD38 and Zap-70 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Get PDFBackground: In this study, we investigated the role and expression of interleukin (IL)�17A and IL-22 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Methods: We evaluated the expression of markers above on CLL by ELISA, qRT-PCR, flow cytometric analysis and nonparametric Kruskal�Wallis test. Results: Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-22 in PBMCs of CLL patients were upregulated compared with those from healthy subjects (mean ± SD: 1.96 ± 0.232 vs.0.72 ± 0.15, P < 0.001 and mean ± SD: 2.45 ± 0.534 vs.0.81 ± 0.26, P < 0.001, respectivily). In addition, findings showed that the IL-17A and IL-22 plasma level was significantly elevated than that from healthy control group (P < 0.001). The median IL-17A and IL-22 in CLL patients and healthy control group were 48.28 ± 17.2 pg mL�1; 20.01 ± 11.16 pg mL�1 and 58.68 ± 23.4 pg mL�1;16.47 ± 10.31 P < 0.001, respectively. The levels of IL-17A and IL-22 was not significantly associated with the different stages of disease (Rai stages; Kruskal�Wallis test P > 0.05).No significant relationship was found between expression of CD38 and higher median serum levels of IL-17A in patients, but patients with negative expression of ZAP-70 showed a significant association with higher median serum levels of IL-17A compared with healthy subjects. (57.84 pg mL�1 vs. 31.67 pg mL�1; P = 0.016). Conclusion: IL-22 is elevated and associated with CD38 and Zap-70 expression in patients with CLL. No significant correlation was found between expression of CD38 and increased levels of IL-17A, negative expression of ZAP-70 showed a significant association with increased levels of IL-17A. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Societ
EVALUATION OF WATER RETENTION PROPERTIES OF HORMUZ ISLAND CALCAREOUS SOIL
No full textThe curve presenting the relationship between water content and the soil matric
suction is called Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC). The water retention
potential of the soils is dependent on Grain Size Distributions (GSD), soil
texture, and soils origins. Calcareous soils are soils with a high carbonate
content, unique particle shapes, and high intraparticle porosity; and, they
consist of skeletal remains of marine organisms. They are common in the tropics
between 30^\circ North and South latitudes. Due to the nature of their origin, one of the most important attributes of the calcareous soils that makes their properties
different from those of silicate soils is their significant intra-particle void
space. The majority of near-surface soils are unsaturated over at least some
portion of the year; consequently, the calcareous intra-particle porosity coupled with soil suction as the main characteristic of unsaturated soils signifies the necessity of the studies of calcareous soil behavior under unsaturated conditions. In this study, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Mercury Intrusion Prosimetry (MIP) tests were performed to study the particular microstructural characteristic of the calcareous soil particles compared with those of silicate soils. Besides, a series of tests were conducted for determining the Soil Water Characteristic Curve for different gradations of calcareous soil (from Hormoz Island of Iran) and reference Silicate soils using pressure plate and controlled-suction oedometer apparatuses in Laboratory of Soil Mechanics (LMS) at Ecole
Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL). Studies on the soil textures have revealed a further level of porosity in calcareous soil due to its intra-particle pores and the samples with larger grain sizes showed higher intra-particle porosity. The pressure plate test results showed that for similar gradations of silicate and
calcareous soil in higher suctions, the calcareous soil retained much more
water than the silicate soil due to its intra-particle voids. The controlled-suction oedometer showed that owing to their microstructural pores, the hydraulic hysteresis behavior of the calcareous soils would be different from that of the silicate soil
Investigation of Meteorological Extreme Events in the North-East of Iran
No full textIntroduction: Over the past hundred years, human activity has significantly altered the atmosphere and increase of concentration of greenhouse gases lead to warm the earth's surface. This global warming leads to change of climatic extreme index and increases the intensity and frequency of occurrence of extreme climate events. Investigation of extreme values for planning and policy for the agricultural sector and water resource management is important.In this study, a comprehensive review of extreme indices of temperature and precipitation are discussed. This paper aims to investigate extreme temperature and precipitation indices defined in accordance with CCL, and the study of other climatic parameters in the North East of Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this research, statistics and data of some stations in the North East of Iran during the period 1992-2012 were used. To evaluate the extreme climate indices trend, 27 indices of rainfall and temperature, were defined by the ETCCDMI. They were calculated by RClimdex software. In this software, prior to the index calculation, data by quality control software became quantitative and incorrect data were controlled and outlier data were examined. The indices were calculated by daily data. 11 rainfall and 16 temperature indices were calculated by this software.The target of the ETCCDMI process is to delineate a standardized set of indices allowing for comparison across regions. These extreme indices were classified in five categories which included the percentile-based extreme indices, the absolute extreme indices, the threshold extreme indices, the periodic extreme indices, and the other indices. They were estimated at the 0.05 significant levels. The Mann-Kendall test was used to investigate the climatic parameters, maximum relative humidity, sunshine duration and maximum wind speed.
Results and Discussion: Thermal analysis results are consistent with warming patterns, and they have showed that hot extremes indices have increased. Hot days index (SU25), shows a significant positive trend in all studied stations. Number of tropical nights has a positive trend in all stations. Hot day frequency (TX90P) and hot night frequency (TN90P) in all stations show a positive trend, indicating an increase in the number of warm days and nights. Cold extreme indices show a decreasing trend. (TX10P) and (TN10P) show significant negative trends in all stations and indicate a decrease in cold days and nights. Number of frost day index shows a decreasing trend. Overall, the results revealed a decrease in the severity and frequency of cold events, while warm events during the study period were significantly increased. These results are consistent with the results of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and global and regional studies. Rising temperatures could lead to increase in the maximum wind speed in the area. In the study of the maximum wind speed process, this trend was observed in most stations, and incremental changes can be associated with a reduction in the maximum relative humidity (which was observed in the results). The sunshine hour parameter depicted a decreasing trend in the most station trend. In the study of all rainfall indices in all studied stations there were a decreasing and negative trend for rainfall, although few significant trends over time were observed. Comparison of years with the highest rainfall and those with the lowest, showed that the amplitude of fluctuations in precipitation in different years is very high and the distribution of rainfall at distinct stations is different. In general, due to the high dispersion and low rainfall in most stations, providing a clear and uniform regional rainfall pattern is not possible. Due to the effects of temperature and precipitation extreme indices in a wide range of human activities, such as agriculture, water management and building design, it is necessary to consider the effects of these extreme climatic events in the future planning and policies in different sectors.
Conclusion The results showed that hot extreme indices, such as summer day index, the number of tropical nights, warm days and nights have increased, while, in the period of study, cold extreme indices have decreasing trend, which shows a decrease in the severity and frequency of cold events.The trend of the maximum wind speed was increased in most stations. Rainfall indices show decreasing and negative trends, although over the studied period few significant trends were observed
Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux during First Year of Life in Infants Admitted in Pediatric Department of Imam Reza Hospital-Mashhad
No full textIntroduction: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the most common of esophageal disorder in all ages. GER defined as passage of gastric contents into the esophagus, and GER disease (GERD), (symptoms or complications of GER), are common pediatric problems. Clinical manifestations of GERD in infants include regurgitation, irritability, choking, gagging vomiting, poor weight gain and respiratory disorder. The purpose of this study is evaluation prevalence of Gastroesophageal reflux and its symptoms in infants during first year of life. Materials and Method: This study was performed on 75 infants younger than one year old, who were admitted in pediatric department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad during 3 months. Results: In this study in a three- month period, GER was assessed in 75 infants younger than one year who were admitted in pediatric department of Imam Reza Hospital. Their parents reported GER in 66% of these infants. The most common symptom of reflux was regurgitation. Regurgitation was reported at least once a day to seven times a day. The other reported symptoms were respectively: irritability (16%), choking (10%), and failure to thrive (0.3%). Peak reported regurgitation was 60% at 3.5 months. Conclusion: Gastroesophageal reflux is a common problem in infancy. Complaints of regurgitation are common during the first year of life. So understanding the symptoms of GER and recognition of GERD should be considred. Keyword: Infant,Gastroesophageal Reflux, Prevalence.
