Amidoalkyl Naphthols: Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) Catalyzed One-Pot, Multi-Component Synthesis

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was found as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols from aromatic aldehydes, β-naphthol and acetamide/benzamide under solvent free condition at 80o C. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectra. The advantages of the new method were good yields, short reaction times, simple work-up, inexpensive and easily available catalyst and economical due to absence of solvent. Therefore, this method could be an attractive alternative to existing methods for the synthesis of biologically important amidoalkyl naphthols

Pushout bond strength of root fillings after irrigation of root canals utilizing sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and homeopathic mother tincture (Arnica montana)

The pushout bond strength of root fillings at radicular dentin was investigated employing NaOCl, CHX, and homoeopathic mother tincture (Arnica montana) as an irrigant. Sixty human permanent single-rooted extracted teeth were decoronated. The root canals were instrumented using Pro taper universal rotary system (Dentsply Tulsa Dental; Tulsa, Oklahoma) and were prepared up to F3 apical size. The roots were then randomly divided into three groups according to irrigation solution (n = 20) according to the final irrigation regimen: Group I: 3 mL 5.25% NaOCl followed by 3 mL Saline (control); Group II: 3 mL Arnica montana (10%, w/v) followed by 3 mL Saline; Group III: 3 mL CHX followed by 3 mL Saline. The canals were dried using paper points. The canals were coated with AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTey, Konstaz, Germany) with the aid of a Lentulo spiral (Dentsply DeTey, Konstaz, Germany) and obturated with #F3 gutta-percha. Each root was then horizontally sliced into three slices, labelled coronal, middle, and apical, each measuring 2 mm thick. Furthermore, at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min, the test was carried out using the universal testing apparatus. The 5.25% NaOCl significantly decreased the bond strength of AH Plus to dentin. Both CHX and Arnica montana were capable of reversing the compromised pushout of AH Plus to NaOCl-treated dentin. After using NaOCl as an irrigant, the danger of diminished binding capacity of AH Plus to root canal walls arises. Final irrigation with Arnica montana and CHX reduces this risk

Reproduction in Camel

The word camel is derived from the Greek word “kremal”. Camel is an important component of the desert ecosystem from time immemorial and is recognized as the “Ship of the desert”. Humans depend on this animal not just for meat, milk and hide but also as one of the most important mode of transport in the desert which has increased to 10,30,000 million according to FAO census, which is almost 6-8% of the total camel population of the world. The genus Camelus has two species, one humped camel found in Africa, Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan and India and two-humped camel found in Central Asia reaching up to Mongolia and Western part of China. Camels have 70 chromosomes. Camels do not have sweat glands and can tolerate heat up to 49 oC to 50oC during the day time and 30oC during night time. [Vet. World 2009; 2(2.000): 72-73

Mithun : The pride animal of north-eastern hilly region of India

Mithun, the pride animal called as ‘Cattle of Hilly Region’ of north-eastern hilly region of India and tropical rain forest of China. The animal plays an important role in the day to day socio-economic life of the local tribal population. Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a rear species of livestock and is found in the north-eastern region of our country like Arunachal Pradesh (75 per cent of the total population), Nagaland (60 per cent), Manipur (0.8 per cent) andMizoram (0.1 per cent) having total population 0.25 million according to census 2003 and also very meager in Myanmar, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. The animal has got good potential for production of quality meat, milk and leather. Mithun is the ‘Cattle of Hilly Region’ and is one of the domesticated animals from the North-eastern hilly region and mainly found in tropical rain forest of North-eastern hilly region. Very meager population is found inMyanmar, Bhutan and China. There are four defined mithun strains depending up on the geographical areas namely Arunachal, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram strains, respectively. [Vet World 2009; 2(12.000): 480-481

Diagnostic importance of cerebrospinal fluid in pathognomic condition

Collection and evaluation of CSF in patognomic conditions is of most importance in investigation and diagnosis of various diseases with involvement of central nervous system and spinal cord. Scanty information is available regarding biochemical and physiological laboratory tests and biochemical referral values of biological ingredients of CSF, hence this paper is informative for academicians and field veterinarians. [Vet World 2009; 2(11.000): 441-443