Effect of cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor on some biochemical parameters in normal male rats

Endogenous cholesterol acts as a precursor of testosterone and other steroids hormones, this study was conducted to evaluate if there is a counterproductive effect associated with inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway specially in high doses and the degree of these effects in normal male rats. Forty eight adult Wistar rats divided into four groups, the first is control while the remaining three groups were treated with simvastatin (cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor) in doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 respectively. Serum samples were observed at the baseline then every fifteen days while tissue samples were observed at day 30 and 60. Results of statistic refered to a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in serum total cholesterol and triglycerides (by 24 and 49% ± 3) respectively, also serum testosterone was significantly decreased (by 71% ± 2) in all groups compared to control after thirty and sixty days. The activity of alanine aminotransferase was increased (57% ± 3) versus to aspartate aminotransferase. Liver cholesterol was significantly decreased (by 72% ± 2) while testicular cholesterol was decreased except the group of 100 mg.kg-1 which in turns to elevate (61% ± 4), in addition also there was a decrease in body weight gain percentage neither the weights of liver nor testis was affected. In conclusion, the inhibition of denovo pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis negatively affects testosterone level in addition to cholesterol concentration in the tissues, body weight gain and alanine aminotransferase with no successful compensatory mechanism as related with testosterone level

LM-KBC 2023: 2^nd Challenge on Knowledge Base Construction from Pre-trained Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) like chatGPT [1] have advanced a range of semantic tasks and are being ubiquitously used for knowledge extraction. Although several works have explored this ability by crafting prompts with in-context or instruction learning, the viability of complete and precise knowledge base construction from LMs is still in its nascent form. In the 2nd edition of this challenge, we invited participants to extract disambiguated knowledge triples from LMs for a given set of subjects and relations. In crucial difference to existing probing benchmarks like LAMA [2], we made no simplifying assumptions on relation cardinalities, i.e., a subject-entity can stand in relation with zero, one, or many object-entities. Furthermore, submissions needed to go beyond just ranking predicted surface strings, and materialize disambiguated entities in the output, which were evaluated using established KB metrics of precision, recall, and F1-score. The challenge had two tracks: (1) a small model track, where models with &lt; 1 billion parameters could be probed, and (2) an open track, where participants could use any LM of their choice. We received seven submissions, two for track 1 and five for track 2. We present the contributions and insights of the submitted peer-reviewed submissions and lay out the possible paths for future work. All the details related to the challenge can be found on our website at https://lm-kbc.github.io/challenge2023/.</p

Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perpajakan melalui Penerapan Undang-undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang

Tax is the biggest revenue resources for a country. Tax criminal act results in inflicting loss to the country itself. Law on tax has been amended for three times until the enactment of Law No.28/2007 as the Third Amendment of Law No.6/1983 on General Provision and Taxation Procedures. The other law that can be applied as the form of seriousness in preventing and eradicating tax crimes is through the application of Law No.8/2010 on Money Laundering Perevention and Eradication as the policy of government to prevent and eradicate the criminals especially the tax criminals that they cannot practice money launderinh anymore

Evaluating the Knowledge Base Completion Potential of GPT

Structured knowledge bases (KBs) are an asset for search engines and other applications, but are inevitably incomplete. Language models (LMs) have been proposed for unsupervised knowledge base completion (KBC), yet, their ability to do this at scale and with high accuracy remains an open question. Prior experimental studies mostly fall short because they only evaluate on popular subjects, or sample already existing facts from KBs. In this work, we perform a careful evaluation of GPT's potential to complete the largest public KB: Wikidata. We find that, despite their size and capabilities, models like GPT-3, ChatGPT and GPT-4 do not achieve fully convincing results on this task. Nonetheless, they provide solid improvements over earlier approaches with smaller LMs. In particular, we show that, with proper thresholding, GPT-3 enables to extend Wikidata by 27M facts at 90% precision.</p

Tindak Pidana Penipuan Terkait dengan Iklan Penjualan Barang yang Merugikan Konsumen

Meet their needs, consumers are faced with various types of products offered by businesses. With the various types of products and freedom for consumers to choose a variety of products offered lead to competition among businesses. Competition among businesses to market products that offer the consumer interest can be done in various ways, one of them promoting products through print media advertisements. Advertising is a tool for businesses to introduce their products to the public in order to influence the tendency for people to use or consume. The problem is, the ad does not always give a true or deceptive information about an advertised product, so that consumers can be harmed by the behavior. If perpetrators of this background can be formulated several problems, namely how the forms of advertising fraud that harm consumers, whether fraud ad meets the elements of a crime, how to determine the criminal liability for those who make advertising the sale of goods that harm consumers in Indonesia based on the Code of Criminal Law and Law 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Whistleblower Dan Justice Collaborator Dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi

The development of the modus of corruption criminal act in Indonesia today has indicated a wide scale and become more sophisticated so that it is very difficult to prove it. One of the methods to uncover this organized crime of corruption is by using the role of whistleblowers that can help uncover the modus of corruption criminal act more easily. Unfortunately, whistleblowers and justice collaborators in corruption case in Indonesia have not received maximal legal protection; in consequence, people who want to expose the crime and who have the right to gain reward will go to prison instead. In Indonesia, judicial normatively, based on Law No.13/2006, whistleblowers and justice collaborators have not yet received maximal legal protection. The same is true for SEMA No.4/2011; whistleblowers and justice collaborators only received leniency of a sentence. The ideal legal protection is by giving reward, treatment, and protection from all charges as the compensation for what a whistleblower has exposed, whether he is one of the perpetrators or not