Relationship Between Hemodialysis And Hb Levels With Level Of Fatigue

Hemodialysis is one of the interventions for patients with chronic renal failure which if done for a long time will cause fatigue symptoms as much as 82% to 90% of patients. The duration of the patient undergoing hemodialysis will increase fatigue levels; this will cause decreased concentration, malaise, sleep disturbances, emotional disturbances and reduce the ability of the patient's ability in daily activities. The exact symptom that occurs in patients with chronic renal failure is a decrease in Hb levels. The purpose of this study was to prove the long-standing relationship between hemodialysis and Hb levels with fatigue levels. The research design uses correlation analytic. The variables studied were hemodialysis duration, hemoglobin level,and fatigue level. The sample size in this study was 61 respondents with simple random sampling technique. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression. The results of the study simultaneously showed a long relationship between hemodialysis and HB levels with fatigue levels. Patients who have long undergone hemodialysis will have high levels of urea and creatinine. High urea will interfere with the production of the hormone erythropoietin. As a result of the number of red blood cells decreases, as a result, the patient will experience symptoms of fatigue.   &nbsp

Frequent use of paracetamol and risk of allergic disease among women in an Ethiopian population

Introduction The hypothesis that paracetamol might increase the risk of asthma and other allergic diseases have gained support from a range of independent studies. However, in studies based in developed countries, the possibility that paracetamol and asthma are associated through aspirin avoidance is difficult to exclude. Objectives To explore this hypothesis among women in a developing country, where we have previously reported aspirin avoidance to be rare. Methods In 2005/6 a population based cohort of 1065 pregnant women was established in Butajira, Ethiopia and baseline demographic data collected. At 3 years post birth, an interview-based questionnaire administered to 945 (94%) of these women collected data on asthma, eczema, and hay fever in the past 12 month, frequency of paracetamol use and potential confounders. Allergen skin tests to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and cockroach were also performed. The independent effects of paracetamol use on allergic outcomes were determined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Findings The prevalence of asthma, eczema and hay fever was 1.7%, 0.9% and 3.8% respectively; of any one of these conditions 5.5%, and of allergen sensitization 7.8%. Paracetamol use in the past month was reported by 29%, and associations of borderline significance were seen for eczema (adjusted OR (95% CI) = 8.51 (1.68 to 43.19) for 1–3 tablets and 2.19 (0.36 to 13.38) for ≥4 tablets, compared to no tablets in the past month; overall p = 0.055) and for ‘any allergic condition’ (adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.73 (1.22 to 6.11) for 1–3 tablets and 1.35 (0.67 to 2.70) for ≥4 tablets compared to 0 in the past month; overall p = 0.071). Conclusions This study provides further cross-sectional evidence that paracetamol use increases the risk of allergic disease

S(k) for Haldane Gap Antiferromagnets: Large-scale Numerical Results vs. Field Theory and Experiment

The structure function, S(k), for the s=1, Haldane gap antiferromagnetic chain, is measured accurately using the recent density matrix renormalization group method, with chain-length 100. Excellent agreement with the nonlinear $\sigma$ model prediction is obtained, both at $k\approx \pi$ where a single magnon process dominates and at $k\approx 0$ where a two magnon process dominates. We repeat our calculation with crystal field anisotropy chosen to model NENP, obtaining good agreement with both field theory predictions and recent experiments. Correlation lengths, gaps and velocities are determined for both polarizations.Comment: 11 pages, 3 postscript figures included, REVTEX 3.0, UBCTP-93-02

On the energy of homogeneous cosmologies

An energy for the homogeneous cosmological models is presented. More specifically, using an appropriate natural prescription, we find the energy within any region with any gravitational source for a large class of gravity theories--namely those with a tetrad description--for all 9 Bianchi types. Our energy is given by the value of the Hamiltonian with homogeneous boundary conditions; this value vanishes for all regions in all Bianchi class A models, and it does not vanish for any class B model. This is so not only for Einstein's general relativity but, moreover, for the whole 3-parameter class of tetrad-teleparallel theories. For the physically favored one parameter subclass, which includes the teleparallel equivalent of Einstein's theory as an important special case, the energy for all class B models is, contrary to expectation, negative.Comment: 11 pages, reformated with minor change

Impurities in s=1s=1 Heisenberg Antiferromagnets

The $s=1$ Heisenberg Antiferromagnet is studied in the presence of two kinds of local impurities. First, a perturbed antiferromagnetic bond with $J'\ne J$ at the center of an even-length open chain is considered. Using the density matrix renormalization group method we find that, for sufficiently strong or weak $J'$, a bound state is localized at the impurity site, giving rise to an energy level in the Haldane gap. The energy of the bound state is in agreement with perturbative results, based on $s=1/2$ chain-end excitations, both in the weak and strong coupling limit. In a region around the uniform limit, $J'=J$, no states are found with energy below the Haldane gap. Secondly, a $s=1/2$ impurity at the center of an otherwise even-length open chain is considered. The coupling to the $s=1/2$ impurity is varied. Bound states in the Haldane gap are found {\it only} for sufficiently weak (antiferromagnetic) coupling. For a $s=1/2$ impurity coupled with a strong (antiferromagnetic) bond, {\it no} states are found in the Haldane. Our results are in good qualitative agreement with recent experiments on doped NENP and Y$_2$BaNiO$_5$.Comment: 29 pages, RevTeX 3.0, 12 uuencoded postscript figures include

The Gasotransmitter Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) Prevents Pathologic Calcification (PC) in Cartilage.

Pathologic calcification (PC) is a painful and disabling condition whereby calcium-containing crystals deposit in tissues that do not physiologically calcify: cartilage, tendons, muscle, vessels and skin. In cartilage, compression and inflammation triggered by PC leads to cartilage degradation typical of osteoarthritis (OA). The PC process is poorly understood and treatments able to target the underlying mechanisms of the disease are lacking. Here we show a crucial role of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H <sub>2</sub> S) and, in particular, of the H <sub>2</sub> S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), in regulating PC in cartilage. Cse deficiency (Cse KO mice) exacerbated calcification in both surgically-induced (menisectomy) and spontaneous (aging) murine models of cartilage PC, and augmented PC was closely associated with cartilage degradation (OA). On the contrary, Cse overexpression (Cse tg mice) protected from these features. In vitro, Cse KO chondrocytes showed increased calcification, potentially via enhanced alkaline phosphatase (Alpl) expression and activity and increased IL-6 production. The opposite results were obtained in Cse tg chondrocytes. In cartilage samples from patients with OA, CSE expression inversely correlated with the degree of tissue calcification and disease severity. Increased cartilage degradation in murine and human tissues lacking or expressing low CSE levels may be accounted for by dysregulated catabolism. We found higher levels of matrix-degrading metalloproteases Mmp-3 and -13 in Cse KO chondrocytes, whereas the opposite results were obtained in Cse tg cells. Finally, by high-throughput screening, we identified a novel small molecule CSE positive allosteric modulator (PAM), and demonstrated that it was able to increase cellular H <sub>2</sub> S production, and decrease murine and human chondrocyte calcification and IL-6 secretion. Together, these data implicate impaired CSE-dependent H <sub>2</sub> S production by chondrocytes in the etiology of cartilage PC and worsening of secondary outcomes (OA). In this context, enhancing CSE expression and/or activity in chondrocytes could represent a potential strategy to inhibit PC