Heat shock protein expression during gametogenesis and embryogenesis.

When cells are subjected to various stress factors, they increase the production of a group of proteins called heat shock proteins (hsp). Heat shock proteins are highly conserved proteins present in organisms ranging from bacteria to man. Heat shock proteins enable cells to survive adverse environmental conditions by preventing protein denaturation. Thus the physiological and pathological potential of hsps is enormous and has been studied widely over the past two decades. The presence or absence of hsps influences almost every aspect of reproduction. They are among the first proteins produced during mammalian embryo development. In this report, the production of hsps in gametogenesis and early embryo development is described. It has been suggested that prolonged and asymptomatic infections trigger immunity to microbial hsp epitopes that are also expressed in man. This may be relevant for human reproduction, since many couples with fertility problems have had a previous genital tract infection. Antibodies to bacterial and human hsps are present at high titers in sera of many patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. In a mouse embryo culture model, these antibodies impaired the mouse embryo development at unique developmental stages. The gross morphology of these embryos resembled cells undergoing apoptosis. The TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling) staining pattern, which is a common marker of apoptosis, revealed that embryos cultured in the presence of hsp antibodies stained TUNEL-positive more often than unexposed embryos. These data extend preexisting findings showing the detrimental effect of immune sensitization to hsps on embryo development

Chlamydia trachomatis Infection, Immunity, and Pregnancy Outcome

Chlamydia trachomatis can ascend from the cervix to the fallopian tubes and survive for long periods of time without causing symptoms. The immune response to infection clears the extracellular organisms but leads to development of a persistent intracellular infection. Repeated cycles of productive infection and persistence eventually induce tubal occlusion and infertility. Persistently infected cells continue to synthesize the chlamydial 60 kD heat shock protein (hsp60). Immunity to conserved regions of hsp60 may result in autoimmunity to human hsp60. Expression of hsp60 by the embryo and decidua during early pregnancy may reactivate hsp60-sensitized lymphocytes, disturb pregnancy-induced immune regulatory mechanisms, and lead to immune rejection of the embryo. Due to this mechanism women with tubal infertility who are sensitized to the human hsp60 may have a decreased probability of successful outcome after undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

Polymorphism of RAPD and ISSR markers in grain amaranth species

Different molecular genetic markers are effectively used in agricultural genetic selection programs. Genetic markers can be used in commercial breeds certification performance, fast and reliable genotype identification, genetic maps creation, genetics, phylogeny and plant systematic studies, which can accelerate selection, provide effective study and culture genofond maintenance. Amaranth, in this regard, has not been studied well, there is not enough data to effectively perform amaranth marker selection or for the certification of new and existing varieties; there are inaccuracies in the systematization of the crop. Important are the questions about the origin of grain amaranth species and the processes of their evolutionary formation. Amaranth is a pseudo-cereal with a millennia-long history, it has been actively cultivated in many countries around the world in recent decades. A high level of alterability and the formation of a huge number of spontaneous hybrids in natural populations of amaranth significantly complicate the identification of individual genotypes and entire taxonomic units of Amaranthus L. Due to the lack of research and depending on the environmental conditions, the morphological markers of amaranth are not able to provide sufficient genomic information to the breeder; thus it is necessary to search for reliable genetic markers that allow the genetic diversity of the Amaranthus L. species to be studied and effectively maintained. This research includes grain amaranth species DNA polymorphism analysis. Using RAPD and ISSR technologies, 203 loci have been identified, of which 173 appear to be polymorphic, 30 monomorphic (found in all genotypes analyzed) and 13 unique (found only in one genotype). Unique and monomorphic DNA loci can be used as specific genetic markers, in particular, for the certification of breeds, which is especially important for the identification of plant material and plant genetic variability monitoring. A high level of DNA polymorphism was revealed (about 85 %), a genetic relationship between grain amaranth species established, their monophyletic origin theory verified. A. mantegazzianus Passer. was proved to be an A. caudatus L. subspecies

Informative significance of serum cytokines and their importance for development of metabolic syndrome with arterial hypertension in elderly persons

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is among the main public health challenges worldwide, leading to significant labor losses, increased costs for treatment and rehabilitation of the patients. The aim of the present study was to identify the informative serum interleukins, by determining the odds ratio in elderly patients with MS and hypertension. The main group of 86 patients with MS and arterial hypertension (AH) aged 60-75 years was examined under clinical conditions. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age of 60-75 years, presence of MS, primary hypertension (grade II-III), absence of acute myocardial infarction, malignant neoplasms, disorders of cerebral circulation, kidney failure over last 6 months. Diagnostics of MS and hypertension was carried out in accordance with Expert Guidelines from the Russian Research Society of Cardiology on the MS Diagnosis and Treatment. Our first study of a large range of serum interleukins in elderly patients with MS and hypertension allowed us to reveal the inversely directed changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine contents. Combined AH/MS in elderly persons is accomplished by sufficient increase of the most proinflammatory cytokines, and vice versa, by significant decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood serum. This finding clearly points to importance of immunological regulatory systems for initiation of AH with MS at older age. Pro- and anti-inflammatory serum interleukins are actively involved into the AH/MS development in elderly accompanied by their pronounced imbalance. The mentioned immune reactions could underlie the MS/AH condition. High risk of this disorder is connected with changed production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β), like as anti-inflammatory serum interleukins (IL-4, IL-10), with predominance of the former. The above interleukins should be considered dominant diagnostic markers of AH/MS in elderly persons. Measurement of serum interleukins and discriminant-based approach allows highly reliable differentiation of elderly patients with AH/MS from similar individuals without this disorder

Reading Backwards: An Advance Retrospective on Russian Literature

The 'authors' in the list above are better described as 'contributors'.This is the final published version, also available from Open Book Publishers via the DOI in this record.This edited volume employs the paradoxical notion of ‘anticipatory plagiarism’—developed in the 1960s by the ‘Oulipo’ group of French writers and thinkers—as a mode for reading Russian literature. Reversing established critical approaches to the canon and literary influence, its contributors ask us to consider how reading against linear chronologies can elicit fascinating new patterns and perspectives. Reading Backwards: An Advance Retrospective on Russian Literature re-assesses three major nineteenth-century authors—Gogol, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy—either in terms of previous writers and artists who plagiarized them (such as Raphael, Homer, or Hall Caine), or of their own depredations against later writers (from J.M. Coetzee to Liudmila Petrushevskaia). Far from suggesting that past authors literally stole from their descendants, these engaging essays, contributed by both early-career and senior scholars of Russian and comparative literature, encourage us to identify the contingent and familiar within classic texts. By moving beyond rigid notions of cultural heritage and literary canons, they demonstrate that inspiration is cyclical, influence can flow in multiple directions, and no idea is ever truly original. This book will be of great value to literary scholars and students working in Russian Studies. The introductory discussion of the origins and context of ‘plagiarism by anticipation’, alongside varied applications of the concept, will also be of interest to those working in the wider fields of comparative literature, reception studies, and translation studies

Особенности экспрессии маркеров эластогенеза в ткани инвазивного протокового рака молочной железы до и после курсов химиотерапии

The aim of the study is to analyze the changes in the elastic fibers and the expression features of elastinbinding protein-1, lysyl oxidase-1, and tetraspanin CD151 in the invasive ductal breast cancer tissues before and after chemotherapy courses. The study included 34 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group had surgical resection of the tumor before chemotherapy, and the second group had surgical resection of the residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The frequency of elastic fibers accumulations around the ducts in patients without chemotherapy was significantly higher (61.1 %) than that in patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (25.0 %). After chemotherapy, the expression of elastin-binding protein-1 changed: the proportion of patients with a strong expression of this protein in tumor cells after chemotherapy increased (62.5 %) in comparison to patients without chemotherapy (16.8 %). The combined cytoplasmic and/or membrane expression of elastin-binding protein-1 in the tumor cells predominated in the second group compared with diffuse cytoplasmic expression (55.0 %) in tumor cells of patients of the first group. Целью исследования было изучить изменения компонентов эластического каркаса и особенности экспрессии эластин-связывающего белка-1, лизилоксидазы-1 и тетраспанина CD151 в ткани инвазивного протокового рака молочной железы до и после курсов химиотерапии. Исследование выполнено на архивном гистологическом материале от 34 пациентов с подтвержденным морфологическим диагнозом «инфильтрирующая протоковая карцинома молочной железы». Было сформировано две группы: первой группе пациентов выполнялась резекция опухоли до назначения химиотерапии, второй группе хирургическое удаление опухоли осуществлялось после проведения неоадъювантной химиотерапии. У пациентов без химиотерапии частота выраженных скоплений эластических волокон вокруг протоков была достоверно выше (61,1 %), чем у пациентов, получавших неоадъювантную химиотерапию (25 %). После проведения химиотерапии изменяется характер экспрессии эластин-связывающего белка-1: на долю пациентов с выраженной экспрессией данного белка приходится 62,5 % наблюдений, против 16,8 % случаев у пациентов без химиотерапии. При этом у первых преобладает сочетанная цитоплазматическая и/или мембранная экспрессия данного маркера опухолевыми клетками, а у вторых около 55 % приходится на диффузную равномерную цитоплазматическую экспрессию.

Паравертебральная блокада при лечении пациентов с закрытой травмой груди

The study was conducted in the Thoracoabdominal Department of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine to explore the role of paravertebral block in the treatment of blunt chest trauma. The study included 715 patients with isolated chest trauma hospitalized between January 1, 2020 and August 2021. 55 patients received analgesic therapy in the form of paravertebral block. The comparison group included 660 patients who did not undergo paravertebral block, in their case pain relief was provided by systemic administration of analgesics. The compared groups did not differ significantly in sex and age composition. There were also no differences in the frequency of chronic diseases and interpleural complications. There were no significant complications during the block. The comparison revealed a significant decrease in the incidence of pleurisy and a shorter length of stay in hospital. Paravertebral block is an effective and safe method of pain management for patients with blunt chest trauma. The use of this technique reduces the incidence of post-traumatic pleurisy and duration of hospitalization.Исследование проведено в торакоабдоминальном отделении НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского с целью изучения значения паравертебральной блокады. Было включено 715 пациентов с изолированной травмой груди, госпитализированных в экстренном порядке в период с 1 января 2020 по август 2021 года; 55 пациентов в ходе лечения получили обезболивающую терапию в виде паравертебральной блокады. В группу сравнения включили 660 пациентов, которым не выполняли проводниковую блокаду, обезболивание обеспечивали системным введением анальгетиков. Сравниваемые группы значимо не отличались по половому и возрастному составу. Отличий в частоте хронических заболеваний и интраплевральных осложнений также не было. Значимых осложнений при выполнении блокады не отмечалось. При сравнении выявлено достоверное уменьшение частоты плеврита и более короткое время нахождения в стационаре. Паравертебральная блокада является эффективным и безопасным методом обезболивания пациентов с закрытой травмой груди. Использование этой методики снижает частоту развития посттравматического плеврита и ускоряет выписку больных

Polymorphism C677T MTHFR gene and metabolic syndrome in young residents of the northern region

The aim of the work was to study the association of polymorphism C677T (rs1801133) of the MTHFR gene with components of the metabolic syndrome in young indigenous and non-indigenous people of the northern region. 834 young people aged 18-44 years were examined, of them 695 parents with manifestations of metabolic syndrome and 139 healthy young people. It was revealed that 28.7% of all surveyed were carriers of the T is1801133 (C677T) allele of the MTHFR gene as-sodated with the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. No significant differences were found among non-indigenous and indigenous people in the carrierfrequency of theT allele. Associations of rs1801133C677T polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene with components of MS were studied. Among the non-indigenous male population with carriers of the homozygous TT genotype, a tendency has been established to reduce the chances of developing hypertriglyceridemia and an increase in LDL cholesterol levels. In men of the indigenous ethnic group of carriers of the TT genotype, there is a tendency to increase the chances of reducing the level of HDL cholesterol and increasing the chances of developing hyperglycemia. Among non-indigenous female carriers of the homozygous TT genotype, a tendency was established to reduce the likelihood of developing abdominal obesity. Among indigenous women, the carriage of a homozygous TT is associated with arterial hypertension.Целью работы явилось изучение ассоциации полиморфизма С677Т (($1801133) гена MTHFR с компонентами метаболического синдрома у молодых коренных и некоренных жителей северного региона. Обследовано 834 молодых человека в возрасте 18-44 года, из них 695 пациентов с проявлениями метаболического синдрома и 139 здоровых молодых людей. Выявлено, что 28,7% всех обследованных являлись носителями аллеля Т rs1801133 (С677Г) гена MTHFR, связанного с риском развития сердечно­сосудистых заболеваний. Среди некоренных и коренных жителей по частоте носительства аллеля Т достоверных различий не выявлено. Изучены ассоциации полиморфизмов rs1801133 С677Т гена MTHFR с компонентами МС. Среди некоренного мужского населения-носителей гомозиготного генотипа ТТ установлена тенденция к снижению шансов развития гипертритицеридемии, повышения уровня ХС ЛПНП. У мужчин коренной этнической группы носителей генотипа ТТ обнаружена тенденция к повышению шансов снижения уровня ХС ЛПВП и повышению шансов развития гипергликемии. Среди некоренных женщин носительниц гомозиготного генотипа ТТ была установлена тенденция к снижению вероятности развития абдоминального ожирения. У коренных представительниц носительство гомозиготного ТТ ассоциировано с артериальной гипертензией