Formation of Microelement Composition and Hydrogeochemical Anomalous Zones of Ground-water of the Kama PreUrals Region

Приводятся результаты гидрогеохимических исследований и картирования в Камском Приуралье. Проанализированы аналитические данные (более 2 тыс. спектральных анализов воды, в основном из родников). Изучены закономерности распределения фоновых значений основных геохимических параметров (макро- и микроэлементов) в подземных водах. Установлены их гидрогеохимические особенности. Проведено гидрогеохимическое районирование и выделены комплексные гидрогеохимические аномальные зоны. Выполненные исследования впервые позволили дать общую оценку гидрогеохимии микроэлементов Западного Урала и Приуралья на региональном уровне. На террито-рии Пермского края выделено большое количество различных гидрогеохимических аномалий. Отмечено превышение предельно-допустимых концентраций 18 микроэлементов по экологическим нормативам. Одни из них имеют регионально повышенные концентрации (Br, B, Ba, Mn, Ti) с формированием обширных аномальных полей, другие проявляются локально (Sb, Be, Cd, V, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr, F, Zn, Co, Mo, P). Основные аномалии в зоне активного водообмена сгруппированы в 14 комплексных гидрогеохимических аномальных зон с площадями 2,4-9,4 тыс. км2. Основными факторами выделенных гидрогеохимических аномалий являются природные условия формирования гидрогеохимических полей при контролирующей роли структурно-тектонического и геодинамического (неотектонического) факторов. Практически все крупные гидрогеохимические аномалии пространственно совпадают с литогеохимически-ми и геофизическими аномальными зонами, а также  с геодинамическими активными зонами.The results of hydrogeochemical studies and groundwater mapping in the Kama PreUrals are given in the article. Analytical data (more than 2000 spectral analyses of water samples, mainly from the springs) are analyzed. Regularities of distribution of the background values of basic geochemical parameters (macro – and microelements) in groundwater has been studied. Hydrogeochemical particularities are revealed. Hydro-geochemical zoning was conducted and the geochemical anomalous zones were deter-mined. Studies provided for the first time an integrated assessment of microelements hydrogeochemistry of the Western Urals and the PreUrals at the regional level. A large number of hydrogeochemical anomalies are located on the territory of the Perm region. It was established that concentration for 18 elements exceeds a legislation admissible limit. The large anomalous zones are characteristic for high concentrations of Br, B, Ba, Mn, and Ti, but anomalies of Sb, Be, Cd, V, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr, F, Zn, Co, Mo, and P are observed locally. Anomalies in the zone of active water exchange form 14 complex geochemical anomalous zones of areas from 2 000 up to 9 000 km2. The natural environments of formation of hydrogeochemical fields are the main factors of generation of the geochemical anomalies with predominant role of structural, tectonic conditions, and geodynamic (neotectonic) activity. The major hydrogeochemical anomalies spatially coincide with litho-geochemical, geophysical anomalies, and geodynamic active zones

Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry and second-order correlations of inflaton quanta

The quantum theory of optical coherence is applied to the scrutiny of the statistical properties of the relic inflaton quanta. After adapting the description of the quantized scalar and tensor modes of the geometry to the analysis of intensity correlations, the normalized degrees of first-order and second-order coherence are computed in the concordance paradigm and are shown to encode faithfully the statistical properties of the initial quantum state. The strongly bunched curvature phonons are not only super-Poissonian but also super-chaotic. Testable inequalities are derived in the limit of large angular scales and can be physically interpreted in the light of the tenets of Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry. The quantum mechanical results are compared and contrasted with different situations including the one where intensity correlations are the result of a classical stochastic process. The survival of second-order correlations (not necessarily related to the purity of the initial quantum state) is addressed by defining a generalized ensemble where super-Poissonian statistics is an intrinsic property of the density matrix and turns out to be associated with finite volume effects which are expected to vanish in the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 42 pages, 3 included figures; corrected typos; to appear in Physical Review

Imaging Three Dimensional Two-particle Correlations for Heavy-Ion Reaction Studies

We report an extension of the source imaging method for analyzing three-dimensional sources from three-dimensional correlations. Our technique consists of expanding the correlation data and the underlying source function in spherical harmonics and inverting the resulting system of one-dimensional integral equations. With this strategy, we can image the source function quickly, even with the finely binned data sets common in three-dimensional analyses.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Physical Review