Failure Analysis of Corrosion Case Histories

Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferan

The application of finite element analysis as a new approach in corrosion and integrity assessment programs

Published: February 02, 2017Structural integrity assessment procedures are interesting areas in many industrial plants, e.g., oil and gas, and petrochemical for ensuring the safety and economy of an operating sector. The remaining strength of components (e.g. pipelines, risers) with corrosion defects is a prevalent project in the oil and gas industry, and it has been investigated for years via using experimental, numerical and analytical methods. Obtaining the stress distribution in the vicinity of corrosion defects is a decisive phase in understanding the structural integrity of corroded components under high internal pressure. In the corrosion based management programs, finite element analysis (FEA) can provide valuable results in the integrity assessment. Also, FEA can be applied to corrosion monitoring of structures by considering different parameters such as protecting current distribution, electrochemical potential grid and coating degradation. This research discusses the application of FEA in the corrosion and integrity assessment process based on three areas including, in-service performance of corroded parts, repairing methods and corrosion monitoring techniques.Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferan

Thermal Management Systems and Waste Heat Recycling by Thermoelectric Generators-An Overview

With the fast evolution in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (e.g., CO2, N2O) caused by fossil fuel combustion and global warming, climate change has been identified as a critical threat to the sustainable development of human society, public health, and the environment. To reduce GHG emissions, besides minimizing waste heat production at the source, an integrated approach should be adopted for waste heat management, namely, waste heat collection and recycling. One solution to enable waste heat capture and conversion into useful energy forms (e.g., electricity) is employing solid-state energy converters, such as thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The simplicity of thermoelectric generators enables them to be applied in various industries, specifically those that generate heat as the primary waste product at a temperature of several hundred degrees. Nevertheless, thermoelectric generators can be used over a broad range of temperatures for various applications; for example, at low temperatures for human body heat harvesting, at mid-temperature for automobile exhaust recovery systems, and at high temperatures for cement industries, concentrated solar heat exchangers, or NASA exploration rovers. We present the trends in the development of thermoelectric devices used for thermal management and waste heat recovery. In addition, a brief account is presented on the scientific development of TE materials with the various approaches implemented to improve the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric compounds through manipulation of Figure of Merit, a unitless factor indicative of TE conversion efficiency. Finally, as a case study, work on waste heat recovery from rotary cement kiln reactors is evaluated and discussed.Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferani, Mehdi Jafarian, Daryoosh Vashaee, and Reza Ghomashch

Investigating the Effect of Organosilane and Cerium Nitrate on High- performance Epoxy-based Coatings for Carbon Steel

Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferani

Introduction of polymer-based nanocomposites

Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a comprehensive and updated review of major innovations in the field of polymer-based nanocomposites for energy and environmental applications.S. Hooshmand Zaferan

Strategies for engineering phonon transport in Heusler thermoelectric compounds

Thermoelectric generators, which can convert waste heat directly into electricity, are promising candidates for capturing low-grade heat and enhancing the efficiency of the heat engines. This would lead to decreasing the fossil fuel usage and greenhouse gas emission. Many Heusler compounds have been studied for thermoelectric application due to their desired characteristics such as sizeable thermoelectric power factor, non-toxicity, and high stability over a wide temperature range. The primary restriction for Heusler thermoelectric materials has been their high lattice thermal conductivity, which reduces their thermoelectric figure of merit. Several strategies have been carried out to ameliorate this restriction by engineering the phonon transport properties. This article discusses several approaches such as bulk nanostructuring, the creation of point defects and vacancies, impurity doping, and multiphase engineering of the material structure for reducing the thermal conductivity of the Heusler compounds. The effectiveness of each of these methods depends on temperature; hence, the working temperature must be taken into account when designing the material structure and the composition to achieve the optimum performance for practical applications.Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferani, Reza Ghomashchi, Daryoosh Vashae

Thermoelectric coolers as thermal management systems for medical applications: Design, optimization, and advancement

Compared with traditional cooling techniques, thermoelectric coolers have drawn massive attention for small- scale cooling applications, particularly in medical practices. Thermoelectric coolers offer the benefits of having more environmentally friendly systems, a silent and robust structure, and reliable temperature control. Considering the recent rapid developments in this field, this article comprehensively reviews thermoelectric refrigerators for thermal management systems in medical practices, such as cooling carriers and wearable medical devices. Thermal optimization of thermoelectric coolers is assessed according to the available mechanisms, namely 1) using efficient thermoelectric materials, 2) designing efficient heat sink and absorption - especially applying phase change materials, and heat pipes, and 3) production methods for flexible thermoelectric devices, such as printing techniques. In the end, we point out that novel thermoelectric cooler technologies have gradually replaced traditional refrigerators due to their advantages of small size, flexibility, and pollution-free characteristics for medical applications, alongside wearable technologies.Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferani, Michael W. Sams, Reza Ghomashchi, Zhi-Gang Che