ANALISIS DAN IDENTIFIKASI TINGKAT BAHAYA PADA PLANT CAP (Carbon Disulpide (CS2) Adsorption Plant) DI PT.SOUTH PACIFIC VISCOSE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HAZOP DAN METODE RISK ASSESSMENT

PT South Pacific Viscose merupakan perusahaan kimia yang menghasilkan serat fiber sebagai produk utamadengan kapasitas 200.000 ton per tahun dan 132.000 ton per tahun Na2SO4 sebagai produk samping. Untuk mengurangi pencemaran udara, PT South Pacific Viscose memiliki departemen yang berfungsi untuk mendaur ulang gas-gas yang berpotensi merusak keselamatan dari lingkungan maupun pekerja. Plant CAP salah satu plant yang berfungsi mendaur ulang gas CS2 menjadi CS2 cair yang akan digunakan dalam proses pembuatan fiber. Dalam setiap proses, banyak kemungkinan dapat terjadinya kecelakaan dan penyimpangan tetapi tetapi kecelakaan itu bisa dihindari atau dicegah terlebih dahulu dengan melakukan identifikasi terhadap setiap proses kerja.Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan metode HAZOP untuk mengidentifikasi penyimpangan-penyimpangan yang mungkin dapat menyebabkan terjadinya bahaya pada plant CAP khususnya pada sub proses Lean Gas Scrubbing dan Cooling serta pada Adsorption. Setelah pengidentifikasian akan dirangking level bahaya dengan menggunakan Risk Assessment.Dari hasil identifikasi bahaya dan perangkingan level bahaya dihasilkan lima kemungkinan bahaya pada sub proses Lean Gas Scrubbing dan Cooling serta Adsorption yang memiliki level tertinggi yaitu dengan nilai RAC = 2. Bahaya yang paling sering terjadi adalah terjadinya ledakan dan kebakaran pada plant CAP. Rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan adalah teliti setiap proses yang memiliki tingkat bahaya yang tertinggi dan jika dianjurkan melakukan perhentian semua proses saat penyimpangan terjadi. HAZOP, Risk Assessment, identifikasi bahay

Basic science232. Certolizumab pegol prevents pro-inflammatory alterations in endothelial cell function

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a leading cause of death. Chronic systemic inflammation involving tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) could contribute to endothelial activation and atherogenesis. A number of anti-TNF therapies are in current use for the treatment of RA, including certolizumab pegol (CZP), (Cimzia ®; UCB, Belgium). Anti-TNF therapy has been associated with reduced clinical cardiovascular disease risk and ameliorated vascular function in RA patients. However, the specific effects of TNF inhibitors on endothelial cell function are largely unknown. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms underpinning CZP effects on TNF-activated human endothelial cells. Methods: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were cultured in vitro and exposed to a) TNF alone, b) TNF plus CZP, or c) neither agent. Microarray analysis was used to examine the transcriptional profile of cells treated for 6 hrs and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysed gene expression at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hrs. NF-κB localization and IκB degradation were investigated using immunocytochemistry, high content analysis and western blotting. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect microparticle release from HAoECs. Results: Transcriptional profiling revealed that while TNF alone had strong effects on endothelial gene expression, TNF and CZP in combination produced a global gene expression pattern similar to untreated control. The two most highly up-regulated genes in response to TNF treatment were adhesion molecules E-selectin and VCAM-1 (q 0.2 compared to control; p > 0.05 compared to TNF alone). The NF-κB pathway was confirmed as a downstream target of TNF-induced HAoEC activation, via nuclear translocation of NF-κB and degradation of IκB, effects which were abolished by treatment with CZP. In addition, flow cytometry detected an increased production of endothelial microparticles in TNF-activated HAoECs, which was prevented by treatment with CZP. Conclusions: We have found at a cellular level that a clinically available TNF inhibitor, CZP reduces the expression of adhesion molecule expression, and prevents TNF-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, CZP prevents the production of microparticles by activated endothelial cells. This could be central to the prevention of inflammatory environments underlying these conditions and measurement of microparticles has potential as a novel prognostic marker for future cardiovascular events in this patient group. Disclosure statement: Y.A. received a research grant from UCB. I.B. received a research grant from UCB. S.H. received a research grant from UCB. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interes

Solar Panel System for Street Light Using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Technique

Solar energy is one form of the renewable energy which is very abundant in regions close to the equator. One application of solar energy is for street light. This research focuses on using the maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT), particularly the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm, to charge battery for street light system. The proposed charger circuit can achieve 20.73% higher power efficiency compared to that of non-MPPT charger. We also develop the LED driver circuit for the system which can achieve power efficiency up to 91.9% at a current of 1.06 A. The proposed street lightning system can be implemented with a relatively low cost for public areas

Solar Panel System for Street Light Using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Technique

Solar energy is one form of the renewable energy which is very abundant in regions close to the equator. One application of solar energy is for street light. This research focuses on using the maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT), particularly the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm, to charge battery for street light system. The proposed charger circuit can achieve 20.73% higher power efficiency compared to that of non-MPPT charger. We also develop the LED driver circuit for the system which can achieve power efficiency up to 91.9% at a current of 1.06 A. The proposed street lightning system can be implemented with a relatively low cost for public areas