Roots and fates of congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis: a human phenotype

Congenital insensitivity to pain is a rare neurological disorder characterized by the inability to perceive physical pain. Individuals with CIP lack the typical nociceptive responses to harmful stimuli, which poses significant challenges to their safety and well-being. This condition is often caused by genetic mutations affecting the nervous system's ability to transmit pain signals. Despite the apparent advantage of not experiencing pain, CIP presents severe risks as affected individuals may unknowingly sustain injuries or develop medical complications without timely intervention. The absence of pain perception hinders the learning of protective behaviour and responses to potentially harmful situations, making daily activities fraught with danger. Understanding the genetic basis of CIP has provided valuable insights into pain perception and the functioning of nociceptive pathways. While this knowledge may pave the way for potential therapeutic interventions, managing CIP remains a complex task. This article provides an overview of CIPA, its genetic basis, clinical manifestations, complications, treatment and the challenges associated with managing this complex condition. A multidisciplinary approach involving genetic counselling, pain management, and specialized care is crucial to support individuals with CIPA and improve their overall well-being.  

A study on the symptoms, sleep quality and cognitive function of the women during menopause

Background: Menopause is the time that marks the end of your menstrual cycle. It is a natural biological process. But the physical symptoms, such as hot flashes, and emotional symptoms of menopause may disrupt your sleep, lower your energy or affect emotional health. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the pattern of symptoms among women during menopause. The secondary objective was to assess the sleep quality and cognitive function of the women during menopause and to create awareness and educate rural women regarding menopause. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in and around B. G. Nagar, Nagamangala, Mandya for 6 months. Results: A total of 504 women were enrolled in the study. Out of 504, 224 (44.4%) participants come under perimenopause, 117 (23.31%) participants come under perimenopause and 163 (33.34%) participants comes under post menopause. After filling out the questionnaire it was observed that there was a decline in cognitive function of postmenopausal women along with poor sleep quality. When the age group of the participants was compared with the different symptoms of menopause a significant relation was found between the age category of the participants and the somatic symptoms. A significant relation was found between the sexual activity and with the somatic symptoms (p=0.00**), psychological symptoms (p=0.00**) and urogenital symptoms (p=0.00**) of the participants. Conclusions: As women passes from premenopausal to perimenopause to post menopause menopausal symptoms were increased. The menopausal transition and postmenopausal years are associated with significant symptoms

Tuning the GENIE Pion Production Model with MINERvA Data

Faced with unresolved tensions between neutrino interaction measurements at few-GeV neutrino energies, current experiments are forced to accept large systematic uncertainties to cover discrepancies between their data and model predictions. In this paper, the widely used pion production model in GENIE is compared to four MINERvA charged current pion production measurements using NUISANCE. Tunings, ie, adjustments of model parameters, to help match GENIE to MINERvA and older bubble chamber data are presented here. We find that scattering off nuclear targets as measured in MINERvA is not in good agreement with scattering off nucleon (hydrogen or deuterium) targets in the bubble chamber data. An additional ad hoc correction for the low-$Q^2$ region, where collective effects are expected to be large, is also presented. While these tunings and corrections improve the agreement of GENIE with the data, the modeling is imperfect. The development of these tunings within the NUISANCE frameworkallows for straightforward extensions to other neutrino event generators and models, and allows omitting and including new data sets as they become available

Solution of the Differential-Difference Equations by Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method

We applied a new analytic approximate technique, optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM), for treatment of differentialdifference equations (DDEs). To see the efficiency and reliability of the method, we consider Volterra equation in different form. It provides us with a convenient way to control the convergence of approximate solutions when it is compared with other methods of solution found in the literature. The obtained solutions show that OHAM is effective, simpler, easier, and explicit

Solution of the Differential-Difference Equations by Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method

We applied a new analytic approximate technique, optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM), for treatment of differential-difference equations (DDEs). To see the efficiency and reliability of the method, we consider Volterra equation in different form. It provides us with a convenient way to control the convergence of approximate solutions when it is compared with other methods of solution found in the literature. The obtained solutions show that OHAM is effective, simpler, easier, and explicit

Approximate Solution of Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Wave Equation by Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method

The two-dimensional nonlinear wave equations are considered. Solution to the problem is approximated by using optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM). The residual and convergence of the proposed method to nonlinear wave equation are presented through graphs. The resultant analytic series solution of the two-dimensional nonlinear wave equation shows the effectiveness of the proposed method. The comparison of results has been made with the existing results available in the literature