Spin resonance of 2D electrons in a large-area silicon MOSFET

We report electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on a large-area silicon MOSFET. An ESR signal at g-factor 1.9999(1), and with a linewidth of 0.6 G, is observed and found to arise from two-dimensional (2D) electrons at the Si/SiO2 interface. The signal and its intensity show a pronounced dependence on applied gate voltage. At gate voltages below the threshold of the MOSFET, the signal is from weakly confined, isolated electrons as evidenced by the Curie-like temperature dependence of its intensity. The situation above threshold appears more complicated. These large-area MOSFETs provide the capability to controllably tune from insulating to conducting regimes by adjusting the gate voltage while monitoring the state of the 2D electron spins spectroscopically.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physica E special edition for EPS2DS-1

Entwicklung samenfester Brokkoli-Genotypen (Brassica oleracea convar. Botrytis var. Italica): Vergleich physikalischer und sensorischer Merkmalsausprägungen

This study compared physical and sensory quality traits of three breeding lines and one hybrid of organic broccoli to find suitable open pollinating variety with high potential for marketability. An Instron texture analyzer was used to measure the firmness of the texture. Descriptive and hedonic tests were done to assess sensory quality. The evaluation of the genotypes by the panelists showed a trend to rank the lines as “good” in respect to their sensory properties and their outer appearance. CHE-MIC-31 was the firmest open pollinating genotype. Results of this study showed that this breeding line has the potential for marketability because of it’s superior physical and sensory attributes

Gate-Controlled Electron Spin Resonance in a GaAs/AlGaAs Heterostructure

The electron spin resonance (ESR) of two-dimensional electrons is investigated in a gated GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. We found that the ESR resonance frequency can be turned by means of a gate voltage. The front and back gates of the heterostructure produce opposite g-factor shift, suggesting that electron g-factor is being electrostatically controlled by shifting the equilibrium position of the electron wave function from one epitaxial layer to another with different g-factors

A phosphoinositide hub connects CLE peptide signaling and polar auxin efflux regulation

Auxin efflux through plasma-membrane-integral PIN-FORMED (PIN) carriers is essential for plant tissue organization and tightly regulated. For instance, a molecular rheostat critically controls PIN-mediated auxin transport in developing protophloem sieve elements of Arabidopsis roots. Plasma-membrane-association of the rheostat proteins, BREVIS RADIX (BRX) and PROTEIN KINASE ASSOCIATED WITH BRX (PAX), is reinforced by interaction with PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-4-PHOSPHATE-5-KINASE (PIP5K). Genetic evidence suggests that BRX dampens autocrine signaling of CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 45 (CLE45) peptide via its receptor BARELY ANY MERISTEM 3 (BAM3). How excess CLE45-BAM3 signaling interferes with protophloem development and whether it does so directly or indirectly remains unclear. Here we show that rheostat polarity is independent of PIN polarity, but interdependent with PIP5K. Catalytically inactive PIP5K confers rheostat polarity without reinforcing its localization, revealing a possible PIP5K scaffolding function. Moreover, PIP5K and PAX cooperatively control local PIN abundance. We further find that CLE45-BAM3 signaling branches via RLCK-VII/PBS1-LIKE (PBL) cytoplasmic kinases to destabilize rheostat localization. Our data thus reveal antagonism between CLE45-BAM3-PBL signaling and PIP5K that converges on auxin efflux regulation through dynamic control of PAX polarity. Because second-site bam3 mutation suppresses root as well as shoot phenotypes of pip5k mutants, CLE peptide signaling likely modulates phosphoinositide-dependent processes in various developmental contexts

Multidisciplinary decision-making in older patients with cancer, does it differ from younger patients?

Background: In order to tailor treatment to the individual patient, it is important to take the patients context and preferences into account, especially for older patients. We assessed the quality of information used in the decision-making process in different oncological MDTs and compared this for older (>70 years) and younger patients. Patients and methods: Cross-sectional observations of oncological MDTs were performed, using an observation tool in a University Hospital. Primary outcome measures were quality of input of information into the discussion for older and younger patients. Secondary outcomes were the contribution of different team members, discussion time for each case and whether or not a treatment decision was formulated. Results: Five-hundred and three cases were observed. The median patient age was 63 year, 32% were >70. In both age groups quality of patient-centered information (psychosocial information and patient's view) was poor. There was no difference in quality of information between older and younger patients, only for comorbidities the quality of information for older patients was better. There was no significant difference in the contributions by team members, discussion time (median 3.54 min) or number of decision reached (87.5%). Conclusion: For both age groups, we observed a lack of patient-centered information. The only difference between the age groups was for information on comorbidities. There were also no differences in contributions by different team members, case discussion time or number of decisions. Decision-making in the observed oncological MDTs was mostly based on medical technical information. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)