Docosatetraenoyl LPA is elevated in exhaled breath condensate in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease with no effective medical therapies. Recent research has focused on identifying the biological processes essential to the development and progression of fibrosis, and on the mediators driving these processes. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a biologically active lysophospholipid, is one such mediator. LPA has been found to be elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of IPF patients, and through interaction with its cell surface receptors, it has been shown to drive multiple biological processes implicated in the development of IPF. Accordingly, the first clinical trial of an LPA receptor antagonist in IPF has recently been initiated. In addition to being a therapeutic target, LPA also has potential to be a biomarker for IPF. There is increasing interest in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis as a non-invasive method for biomarker detection in lung diseases, but to what extent LPA is present in EBC is not known. Methods: In this study, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to assess for the presence of LPA in the EBC and plasma from 11 IPF subjects and 11 controls. Results: A total of 9 different LPA species were detectable in EBC. Of these, docosatetraenoyl (22:4) LPA was significantly elevated in the EBC of IPF subjects when compared to controls (9.18 pM vs. 0.34 pM; p = 0.001). A total of 13 different LPA species were detectable in the plasma, but in contrast to the EBC, there were no statistically significant differences in plasma LPA species between IPF subjects and controls. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that multiple LPA species are detectable in EBC, and that 22:4 LPA levels are elevated in the EBC of IPF patients. Further research is needed to determine the significance of this elevation of 22:4 LPA in IPF EBC, as well as its potential to serve as a biomarker for disease severity and/or progression

Optimization of structural dimensions technological plant for the recycling of oily waste and scale

The increasing accumulation of industrial waste, and rising energy and charge materials, stricter environmental regulations lead to the necessity of finding economical and efficient methods and equipment for processing and return to production of scrap. In this paper, a technological plant for the processing of oily waste and scale is presented. The basis of the implemented method of de-oiling technology is based on the sublimation of the oil by direct heating of the scale flue gases, which ensures the stability and high productivity of the process.Возрастающее накопление техногенных отходов, удорожание энергоресурсов и шихтовых материалов, ужесточение природоохранных нормативов приводят к необходимости поиска экономичных и эффективных способов и оборудования для переработки и возврата в производство металлоотходов. В данной работе представлена установка для переработки маслосодержащих отходов и окалины. В основу реализуемого способа обезмасливания положена технология возгонки масла за счет непосредственного нагрева окалины дымовыми газами, что обеспечивает устойчивость и высокую производительность процесса

Characteristics of marine strain Streptomyces sp. with antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity

The Black Sea is a unique water basin consisting of a thin superficial oxygenic layer with moderate salinity, and a deep anoxic water mass. The microbiota of the Black Sea remains relatively understudied, which makes it interesting first of all from the most practical point of view of the search for producers of new biologically active compounds. A strain of actinobacteria Streptomyces sp. ONU 561 was isolated from the surface of mussel shells collected in the coastal zone of Odesa. It demonstrated a wide range of antagonistic activity, inhibiting the growth of a set of opportunistic pathogens, including representatives of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, bacteria of this strain were able to inhibit the growth of all tested strains of mycelial fungi, including representatives of Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Fusarium oxysporum species, and Candida albicans yeast. A significant cytotoxic effect was revealed in the cell cultures of human malignant cells – human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and human laryngeal adenocarcinoma (Hep-2). Analysis of the exometabolome of the strain did not explain these effects.The strain was comprehensively characterized, including physiological, biochemical, and morphological traits. The complete genome of the strain was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 4000 (2x150) and ONT and annotated using NCBI PGAP. Its genome has a size of 8 359 197 bp. GC content – 71.59%. Using antiSMASH 7.0, 35 biosynthetic clusters were revealed. The indices of digital DNA-DNA hybridization and orthoANI for all of the type strains with Streptomyces sp. ONU 561 are much lower than threshold values for the species separation. The obtained results, including a comparative analysis of the genome, indicate the possible affiliation of the strain Streptomyces sp. ONU 561 to a new species and the potential ability of these actinobacteria to synthesize previously unknown antibiotic compounds

Legal regulation of rational energy production and consumption in Russia and other states

The authors of the artlcle analyze the problems of legal regulatlon of ratlonal subsoll use and energy consumptlon ln Russla, Germany, USA, Japan and other countrles. It also compares the energy leglslatlon of dlfferent countrles. Based on the results, lt was concluded that the development of the leglslatlon of these countrles ls ln general compllance wlth the strateglc goals ln the fleld of energy productlon and consumptlo

Role of Nox4 and Nox2 in Hyperoxia-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Migration of Human Lung Endothelial Cells

Abstract In vascular endothelium, the major research focus has been on reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from Nox2. The role of Nox4 in endothelial signal transduction, ROS production, and cytoskeletal reorganization is not well defined. In this study, we show that human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) express higher levels of Nox4 and p22phox compared to Nox1, Nox2, Nox3, or Nox5. Immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis revealed that Nox4 and p22phox, but not Nox2 or p47phox, are localized in nuclei of HPAECs. Further, knockdown of Nox4 with siRNA decreased Nox4 nuclear expression significantly. Exposure of HPAECs to hyperoxia (3-24h) enhanced mRNA and protein expression of Nox4, and Nox4 siRNA decreased hyperoxia-induced ROS production. Interestingly, Nox4 or Nox2 knockdown with siRNA upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the other, suggesting activation of compensatory mechanisms. A similar upregulation of Nox4 mRNA was observed in Nox2 2/ko mice. Downregulation of Nox4, or pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, attenuated hyperoxia-induced cell migration and capillary tube formation, suggesting that ROS generated by Nox4 regulate endothelial cell motility. These results indicate that Nox4 and Nox2 play a physiological role in hyperoxia-induced ROS production and migration of ECs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11, 747-764.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78121/1/ars.2008.2203.pd

СОЕДИНЕНИЯ ВИСМУТА И ЕГО КОМПЛЕКСЫ С ПОРФИРИНАМИ: ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ, СТРУКТУРА И СВОЙСТВА

Bismuth and its compounds have been known since ancient times and now are widely used in practice in various fields. Bismuth use in medicine can be traced back to the Middle Ages, and its wide application is due to its very low toxicity - for most bismuth compounds it is less than for sodium chloride. Bismuth and its compounds, in particular salts, are used in medical practice in the treatment of diseases such as spirochetosis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, leishmaniasis and coronaviral infection, as well as in cancer therapy. In addition to solid preparations liquid peroral pharmaceutical forms have been developed for the treatment of diarrhea, colitis, ulcers etc. Bismuth preparations are used in stomatology for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of paradontium. The review considers the syntheses and properties of bismuth complexes with natural and synthetic porphyrins, which are used in medicine and other fields of science and technology. Considerable attention is paid to the structure features of bismuth porphyrins complexes, their dimeric structures, and the influence of various extra ligands. The counterion nature and structure make a substantial contribution in solving the problem of complexes stability. The central bismuth atom in these complexes extends far above the plane of the macrocycle due to the large ionic radius. Thus, the counterions action on the conformation, physicochemical properties and stability of metal porphyrins complexes is shown. A separate section is devoted to unique and interesting properties of bismuth porphyrins complexes, such as fluorescence and color variation of crystals.Обзор посвящен использованию висмута и его соединений, в частности солей, в медицинской практике при лечении таких заболеваний, как спирохетозы, язвенная болезнь желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки, а также в терапии рака. Наряду с твердыми препаратами разработаны жидкие пероральные лекарственные формы для лечения диареи, колитов, язв и др. Препараты висмута используются в стоматологии для лечения воспалительных заболеваний пародонта. Рассмотрены синтезы и свойства висмутовых комплексов с природными и синтетическими порфиринами, которые находят применение в медицине и иных областях науки и техники. Значительное внимание уделено особенностям строения висмутовых комплексов порфиринов, их пространственной структуре, влиянию стерических и электронодонорных эффектов, образованию димеров и влиянию различных экстралигандов. Так, показано действие противоионов на конформацию, физико-химические свойства и устойчивость висмутовых металлокомплексов порфирино

Иттербий и его комплексы с порфиринами

The present review is devoted to the 70th element of the Periodic system and its complexes with natural and synthetic porphyrins. The ytterbium combination with porphyrin compounds, which are able to accumulate selectively in malignant tumors, led to the creation of a new class of diagnostic compounds fluorescing in the NIRregion in a "window of tissues transparency". Syntheses of Yb-complexes of various porphyrins with the use of Yb(acac)3 in several solvents and microwave radiation are considered. Electronic absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and luminescence decay curves are given, the lifetimes of excited Yb-complexes state are measured, and the influence of chromophore aromatic fragments in macrocycle meso-positions on quantum exits values is considered. The carried out screening of more than 20 compounds allowed to choose the most perspective substance for early luminescent diagnostics – dipotassium salt of Yb(acac)-dimethoxyhematoporphyrin IX. Biological tests on tumor-carrier mice are carried out, and primary preparation accumulation in malignant tumors is shown. This compound was used also for the functionalization of composite nanoparticles consisting of gold-silver nanocages covered with mesoporous silicon dioxide. Syntheses of bis-porphyrins with different elements, application of ytterbium compounds in biomedicine, technics, chemical reactions and etc. are considered.О бзор посвящен одному из элементов группы лантанидов - иттербию, некоторым его физико-химическим свойствам, применению различных соединений иттербия в химических реакциях, медицине и технике. Основное внимание уделено применению иттербиевых комплексов порфиринов в качестве чувствительных ИК-флуоресцентных зондов для диагностики злокачественных новообразований