Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy in Management of Oral Lesions

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of the efficacy of cryotherapy as a treatment modality for Oral lesions. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the post -operative clinical outcome of oral lesions after treatment with cryotherapy, with respect to • Post -operative wound healing. • Recurrence of the lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: STUDY DESIGN: SAMPLE SIZE: A sample size of 15 oral lesions. • Al l the subjects, selected on the basis of inclusion criteria were treated with cryogun spray cryotherapy, using liquid nitrogen. Clinical photographs of the lesions were taken prior to cryotherapy and the procedure is performed. SOURCE OF DATA: This study was undertaken up for the outpatient who reported to Adhiparasakthi Dental College & Hospital. Patients were included in the study were those affected with oral lesions, either benign or premalignant lesions. 15 patients who were randomly selected from the outpatient, to evaluate the effectiveness of cryosurgical method of treating or al lesions with liquid nitrogen after obtaining ethical clearance. METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA: This study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College & Hospital with a sample size of 15 lesions. • In formed/written consent was taken from the subjects/care takers. • Routine, pre -surgical Haematologic investigations were done. INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Patients who diagnosed with benign or premalignant oral lesion. • Lesion size more than 1cm. • Patient willing for cryotherapy. • Patients under ASA I / ASA II category. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: • Patients diagnosed with oral malignant lesions. • Patients not willing for cryotherapy. • Medically compromised patients RESULTS The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of cryotherapy as treatment modality for oral lesion, to evaluate the post operative clinical outcome of oral lesion after treatment with cryotherapy with respect to post-operative wound healing and recurrence of the lesion in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, at Adhiparasakthi dental college and hospital. 15 patients who was affected with oral lesion either benign or pre-malignant lesion of size more than 1cm, were randomly selected from out-patient to evaluate the effectiveness of the cryosurgery method of treating oral lesion with liquid nitrogen after obtaining ethical clearance. The age of patients ranged between 22yrs -52yrs with 46.7% of male and 53.3% of female. The overall mean age of the study population 33.6. In this study the open method was used to treat the lesion by direct application of liquid nitrogen with cryogun spray, al l subjects selected on the basis of inclusion criteria. Among 15 patients, there were 5 mucocele lesions, 2 traumatic fibroma, 1 leukoplakia, 2 erythroplakia, 3 lichen planus, 2 Apthous ulcers were seen. The site of occurrence of the lesion varied in different subjects the lesions were present on the buccal mucosa, floor of the tongue, upper vestibule, lower vestibule. Post-treatment follow up was done at 3rd day, 1s t week and 1st month and 2nd. The results were evaluated statically with the help of Descriptive statistics and NPar tests: chi -square test, kolmogorov-smirnov test. CONCLUSION: Cryosurgery is the use liquid nitrogen were extreme cold is produced to destroy abnormal tissue. Cryosurgery is very safe, easy to perform and relatively inexpensive technique for treating various oral lesions in out-patient clinic it is very useful for oral lesion as the oral mucosa is humid which makes it an ideal site for freezing. With recent development of better equipment this mode of therapy appears to have a promising role in the management of benign mucosal lesion, more reasonable with adequate success, the procedure is relatively more acceptable and has shown to have, faster recovery. Though cryosurgery have some difficulties like portability of the cryogenic agent and storage of highly volatile material, it require special storage container for short - term storage and canister for dispensing the liquid from the container during its use, its advantages are numerous, this technique provide a bloodless field, less pain when compared to conventional surgery, anesthesia is optional, excel lent cosmetic results, low cost, low risk of infect ion, minimal wound care, no need of suture removal, no work or sports restrict ions, short preparation time, useful in pregnancy. In this study the open method used to treat lesion with cryogen spray using liquid nitrogen has shown significantly good results in achieving complete regression of the benign and premalignant lesion of oral cavity

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Not AvailableLaboratory and field experiments were conducted during 2014-2016 to find out the effective poison bait composition for the preference and efficacy against tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in castor. Free-choice test conducted to study the preference of fourth instar larvae of S. litura revealed that wheat bran with jaggery (10:1 ratio) recorded the highest attraction (16.7 to 25.3%) at 24-hrs after release followed by deoiled rice bran with jaggery (13.3 to 17.3%) and rice bran with jaggery (12.7 to 14.7%). No-choice test conducted to study the efficacy of insecticides in wheat bran with jaggery bait formulations against fourth instar larvae of S. litura resulted 90 to 97.5% mortality with chlorpyriphos 20EC and 75 to 92.5% mortality with novaluron 10EC at 48-hrs after treatment. Field experiments conducted to evaluate the efficacy of five poison baits revealed that wheat bran + sugarcane jaggery + chlorpyriphos 20EC bait was found effective and resulted in maximum larval mortality of 51.1 to 53.3% and 43.3 to 56.7% as compared to 45.6 to 50% and 42.2 to 52.2% mortality in standard check viz., rice bran + sugarcane jaggery + monocrotophos 36SC during kharif 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively. The poison bait containing 50 kg wheat bran, 5 kg sugarcane jaggery and chlorpyriphos 20EC @ 1250 ml/ha can be opted for inclusion as component in the Integrated Pest Management system for the control of late instar larvae of S. litura in castor.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFemale calling behaviour and electrophysiological response of male to pheromone gland extracts of castor semilooper, Achaea janata L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were studied under laboratory conditions. Adult emergence occurred only at scotophase period with maximum of 58% male and 53% female moths during 6th and 7th hour of scotophase. Females exhibited a characteristic calling posture by extruding the pheromone gland from the tip of the abdomen. Both female age and time in the scotophase significantly influenced calling. Calling initiated during second scotophase and maximum calling occurred during fourth scotophase (66.7%). Most of the female calling (41.8%) occurred during 9th hour of the scotophase. Extracts of female pheromone gland assayed in electroantennogram elicited hyper sensitive reaction in male moths with a response of -2.745 mV. The present study gives detailed information on the behavioural biology of A. janata and optimal time for the pheromone extraction, which could facilitate exploiting pheromone technology for the monitoring and mass trapping of this pest in castor.Not Availabl

Effect of Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis infection on the activity of insecticide detoxification enzymes in cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.

Enzyme assays were carried out to study the influence of Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) infection on the activity levels of pesticide detoxification enzymes, viz. carboxyl esterase (CE) and mixed function oxidase (MFO) in Helicoverpa armigera . HearNPV at LC50 reduced the MFO activity by 12.0–13.5% and CE activity by 14.88–15.25% at 96 hours after treatment. Btk at LC50 reduced the MFO activity by 4.17–4.27% and CE activity by 5.77–6.55%. The joint application of HearNPV and cypermethrin at LC50 +LC50 resulted in suppression of MFO activity by 15.08–17.35% and CE activity by 16.39–17.30%. Combined treatment of Btk and cypermethrin resulted in suppression of MFO by 4.24–6.72 and CE by 8.42–8.97%, respectively

Artificial Intelligence Security Model For Privacy Renitence In Big Data Analytics

The smart city uses Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to build, run and sustain the environment, economic methods to overcome the growing problems of urbanization. Security, security, secrecy and validity have all been important factors in smart city applications, and they are also important in smart city infrastructure interfaces.Hence In this research, an Artificial Intelligence-Big Data Model (AIBM) was developed to enhance the data protection elements of information management interfaces in different smart city applications to address these concerns. A divergent evolutionary method has been implemented in AIBM to provide adequate security for the Secret Data Domain Controller for smart city applications.In addition, the differentiated iterative method has been enhanced by the choice security method based on Big Data Analytics (BDA). It improves the flexibility and dissemination of data in an information authority based mostly on their associated storage site.In addition, ability to adapt interferences approach has been implemented and developed to improve the flexibility and security of information management interfaces in different smart city applications.The reliability of the proposed platform has been demonstrated through computer analysis based on security, accuracy, speed and adaptability

TOXICITY OF SPINOSAD TO THE PULSE BEETLE, CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) AND ITS PARASITOID, DINARMUS BASALIS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE)

Not AvailableToxicity of Spinosad 45SC against adults of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis and its hymenopteran parasitoid, Dinarmus basalis was determined using dry film contact toxicity method under laboratory conditions. Spinosad was found to have contact toxicity against C. chinensis and the median lethal concentration (LC50) values at 24, 48 and 72 hours posttreatment were 51.05, 11.99 and 1.92 ppm, respectively. Contact toxicity of spinosad to D. basalis was higher with LC50 values of 0.130, 0.062 and 0.015 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-treatment, respectively. Field evaluation of Spinosad 45SC in mungbean and urdbean revealed that the insecticide was effective in reducing pod (82.9 to 84.9% reduction over control) and seed (76.5 to 78.1% reduction over control) damage due to the pulse beetle and comparable with conventional insecticide Dichlorvos 76EC (81.8 to 90.2% and 82.4 to 84.4% reduction in pod and seed damage, respectively). The present results provide informative data on susceptibility of pulse beetle and its parasitoid to spinosad for developing efficient pest management programs.Not Availabl

A comparative study to assess depression and anxiety in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Diabetes is an alarming health problem affecting more than half a billion people globally. Diabetes is one of the most psychologically demanding illnesses and is frequently associated with anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among diabetic patients and comparison of mental health assessment tools among diabetic and nondiabetic participants. Methodology: A comparative study of 80 diabetic patients attending the diabetology outpatient department and 80 age-matched nondiabetic attendees/relatives of patients attending the medicine outpatient department were randomly selected after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. After confirming their disease status, informed consent was obtained. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire, mini international neuropsychiatric interview scale, beck depression inventory (BDI) for depression, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety scale (HAM-A) for anxiety. Results: Majority of the study participants in both groups (n = 35, 43.8%) were of 46–50 years old. About 52.5% of diabetic and 17.5% of nondiabetic participants were having depression and 51.3% of diabetic and 18.3% of nondiabetics were having anxiety as per BDI and HAM-A scores, respectively. Although major differences in sociodemographic variables such as socioeconomic class, gender, and place of residence, etc., between the two groups, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study shows depression and anxiety were more common among diabetic patients than nondiabetic participants. The risk for depression and anxiety is more among male patients, urban population, and those in low-socioeconomic status

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Not AvailableToxicity of Spinosad 45SC against adults of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis and its hymenopteran parasitoid, Dinarmus basalis was determined using dry film contact toxicity method under laboratory conditions. Spinosad was found to have contact toxicity against C. chinensis and the median lethal concentration (LC50) values at 24, 48 and 72 hours posttreatment were 51.05, 11.99 and 1.92 ppm, respectively. Contact toxicity of spinosad to D. basalis was higher with LC50 values of 0.130, 0.062 and 0.015 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-treatment, respectively. Field evaluation of Spinosad 45SC in mungbean and urdbean revealed that the insecticide was effective in reducing pod (82.9 to 84.9% reduction over control) and seed (76.5 to 78.1% reduction over control) damage due to the pulse beetle and comparable with conventional insecticide Dichlorvos 76EC (81.8 to 90.2% and 82.4 to 84.4% reduction in pod and seed damage, respectively). The present results provide informative data on susceptibility of pulse beetle and its parasitoid to spinosad for developing efficient pest management programs.Not Availabl