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An architectural approach to autonomics and self-management of automotive embedded electronic systems
Embedded electronic systems in vehicles are of rapidly increasing commercial importance for the automotive industry. While current vehicular embedded systems are extremely limited and static, a more dynamic configurable system would greatly simplify the integration work and increase quality of vehicular systems.
This brings in features like separation of concerns, customised software configuration for individual vehicles, seamless connectivity, and plug-and-play capability.
Furthermore, such a system can also contribute to increased dependability and resource optimization due to its inherent ability to adjust itself dynamically to changes in software, hardware resources, and environment condition.
This paper describes the architectural approach to achieving the goals of dynamically self-configuring automotive embedded electronic systems by the EU research project DySCAS. The architecture solution outlined in this paper captures the application and operational contexts, expected features, middleware services, functions and behaviours, as well as the basic mechanisms and technologies.
The paper also covers the architecture conceptualization by presenting the rationale, concerning the architecture structuring, control principles, and deployment concept. In this paper, we also present the adopted architecture V&V strategy and discuss some open issues in regards to the industrial acceptance
EF-G catalyzes tRNA translocation by disrupting interactions between decoding center and codon-anticodon duplex.
During translation, elongation factor G (EF-G) catalyzes the translocation of tRNA2-mRNA inside the ribosome. Translocation is coupled to a cycle of conformational rearrangements of the ribosomal machinery, and how EF-G initiates translocation remains unresolved. Here we performed systematic mutagenesis of Escherichia coli EF-G and analyzed inhibitory single-site mutants of EF-G that preserved pretranslocation (Pre)-state ribosomes with tRNAs in A/P and P/E sites (Pre-EF-G). Our results suggest that the interactions between the decoding center and the codon-anticodon duplex constitute the barrier for translocation. Catalysis of translocation by EF-G involves the factor's highly conserved loops I and II at the tip of domain IV, which disrupt the hydrogen bonds between the decoding center and the duplex to release the latter, hence inducing subsequent translocation events, namely 30S head swiveling and tRNA2-mRNA movement on the 30S subunit