A global-local approach to saliency detection

In this paper, we present a novel approach to saliency detection. We define a visually salient region with the following two properties; global saliency i.e. the spatial redundancy, and local saliency i.e. the region complexity. The former is its probability of occurrence within the image, whereas the latter defines how much information is contained within the region, and it is quantified by the entropy. By combining the global spatial redundancy measure and local entropy, we can achieve a simple, yet robust saliency detector. We evaluate it quantitatively and compare to Itti et al. [6] as well as to the spectral residual approach [5] on publicly available data where it shows a significant improvement. © 2013 Springer-Verlag

Epidemiology and treatment of acetabular fractures in a level-1 trauma centre: Retrospective study of 414 patients over 10 years

International audienceBACKGROUND:Epidemiological studies of acetabular fractures (AFs) are scarce and, to our knowledge, the most recent one from France, by Letournel and Judet, dates back to 1993. Studies have suggested a decrease in high-energy AFs contrasting with an increase in low-energy AFs due to the longer life expectancy. However, a French case-series study failed to confirm these data. We therefore conducted a 10-year retrospective study in a level-1 trauma centre to: (1) characterise the epidemiological profile of AF; (2) and to describe the treatment strategy.HYPOTHESIS:The epidemiological profile of AF in France is consonant with data from European case-series studies.METHOD:All patients managed for AF between 2005 and 2014 were included in this single-centre retrospective study. All patients were re-evaluated at our centre or another facility 6 months after the fracture. The epidemiological data were compared in the three treatment groups: non-operative, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and total hip arthroplasty (THA).RESULTS:Between 2005 and 2014, 414 patients were admitted for AF. Mean age was 49.4 years (range: 15-101 years). Treatment was non-operative in 231 (56%) older patients, most of whom had low-energy fractures involving the anterior wall. THA with or without acetabular reinforcement and screw-plate fixation was performed in 27 (7%) older patients, most of whom had posterior-wall fractures and experienced postoperative complications (26/27 patients, 96%). ORIF was used in 156 (38%) younger patients, most of whom had high-energy fractures of greater complexity.CONCLUSION:Our results reflect the current indications in AF management. The epidemiological characteristics in our population are comparable to those reported in the few recent European epidemiological studies. To our knowledge, this is the largest French epidemiological study since the landmark work by Letournel and Judet.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Level IV, retrospective study

Study and improvement of interfacial properties in a MIS structure based on p-type InP.

Indium phosphide is one of the most promising candidates among the available III-V semiconducting compounds forthe development of MIS technology. This is based on the availability of InP substrates and the relatively large bandgap. Before the deposition of the insulator, the InP surface must be treated and well passivated (Surf Interface Anal 20(1993) 803; J Appl Phys 67 (1990) 4173). We have shown that a InSb buffer layer can reduce the phosphorus atommigration and the concentration of defects at the interface. We have studied and characterized electrically two series ofsubstrates using p-type InP, the first one with thin and the second with thick insulator films. The results obtained showclearly the reduction of the defects in the thicker structures protected by the InSb buffer layer

T1 Vertebra Pedicular Osteoid Osteoma: Minimally Invasive Surgical Resection Aided by New Integrated Navigation to 3D Imaging Device

We hereby describe a minimally invasive resection of a T1 pedicular osteoid osteoma next to the vertebral canal. The patient had an 18-month report of painful radiculopathy. We performed the surgery under 3D imaging guidance using navigation with an all-in-one device. Full procedure irradiation was 1.17 mSv for a 181-picture acquisition. Complete operative time incision to closure was 58 minutes. Despite sparing the vertebral stability without any fixation, the tumor resection was well-margined, thanks to the focused guidance. After surgery, the patient had complete relief of his symptoms at the 6-month follow-up. 3D imaging system coupled to navigation made the procedure safe without consuming time. The single Surgivisio® device allows comfortable 3D minimally invasive spine navigation surgery with the ergonomics of a C-arm

Chronic low back pain after lumbosacral fracture due to sagittal and frontal vertebral imbalance

International audiencePROBLEM AND HYPOTHESIS:Over time, some patients with unilateral or bilateral lumbosacral injuries experience chronic low back pain. We studied the sagittal and frontal balance in a population with these injuries to determine whether mismatch in the pelvic and lumbar angles are associated with chronic low back pain.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Patients with posterior pelvic ring fractures (Tile C1, C2, C3 and A3.3) that had healed were included. Foreign patients and those with an associated spinal or acetabular fracture or nonunion were excluded. The review consisted of subjective questionnaires, a clinical examination, and standing A/P and lateral stereoradiographic views. The pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI), measured lumbar lordosis (LLm), T9 sagittal offset, leg discrepancy (LD) and lateral curvature (LC). The expected lumbar lordosis (LLe) was calculated using the formula LLe=PI+9°. We defined lumbopelvic mismatch (LPM) as the difference between LLm and LLe being equal or greater than 25% of LLe.RESULTS:Fifteen patients were reviewed after an average follow-up of 8.8 years [5.4-15]. There were four Tile C1, five Tile C2, five Tile C3 and one Tile A3.3 fracture. Ten of the 15 patients had low back pain. The mean angles were: LLm 49.6° and LLe 71.9° (P=0.002), PT 21.3°, SS 44.1°, PI 62.9° in patients with low back pain and LLm 57.4° and LLe 63.2° (P=0.55), PT 13°, SS 43.1°, PI 54.2° in those without. LPM was present in 9 patients, 8 of who had low back pain (P=0.02). Six patients, all of whom had low back pain, had a mean LC of 7.5° [4.5-23] (P=0.02). The mean LD was 0.77cm.DISCUSSION:The findings of this small study suggest that patients who experience low back pain after their posterior arch of the pelvic ring fracture has healed, have a lumbopelvic mismatch. Early treatment of these patients should aim to reestablish the anatomy of the pelvic base relative to the frontal and sagittal balance.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:IV