Creating a Culture of Caring in the Perianesthesia Practice

Caring has been described as the essence of nursing. What nurses do as they care for patients and others is multi-dimensional, complex, and essential. Nursing\u27s ability to clearly define and articulate what caring is guides the ethics, values, decisions, and foundations of nursing practice. Caring evokes a range of perceptions, feelings, and experiences for the patient and nurse in the perianesthesia specialty setting. Caring as a pillar of the nursing profession is explored on several levels for the perianesthesia setting. Aspects of caring include perceptions of caring, what denotes a caring environment, the role of nursing leadership in a caring environment, the impact of caring and healing for patients, nurses, and others in the health care field. A proposed model for nursing practice based upon Watson\u27s concepts of caritas nursing and its processes provides the theoretical framework for the nursing professionals and the patients and families served. Interventions that have been currently implemented in the perianesthesia setting of a Midwestern hospital along with a proposed outline for future plans are reviewed and future plans outlined

Refugees and Higher Education

Just 1% of refugees of student age are today in higher education (UNCHR 2016a). However, in many of the major refugee crises of the past special assistance for higher education students formed a significant part of overall relief efforts, and many universities continue to welcome refugees today. Often it is the more highly educated sections of society that form the majority of refugees, at least in the initial phases of a crisis (IEC and WUS 1986). The recent Syrian refugee crisis, in particular, prompted the establishment of a range of scholarship schemes as well as new initiatives to deal with the problem of students who cannot document their qualifications. This entry offers a historical overview of major international aid programs for refugee scholars, before outlining current problems facing refugee students and discussing the huge unmet demand for higher education among refugees

Development of a Mesoscale Finite Element Constitutive Model for Fiber Kinking

A mesoscale finite element material model is proposed to analyze structures that fail by the fiber kinking damage mode. To evaluate the assumptions of the mesoscale model, the results were compared with those of a high-fidelity micromechanical model. A direct comparison between the two models shows remarkable correlation, indicating that the key features of the fiber kinking phenomenon are appropriately accounted for in the mesoscale model. The mesoscale model is applied to structural analysis cases to demonstrate the capabilities of the model. A verification study is conducted with an unnotched compression specimen and preliminary validation is demonstrated with a notched compression specimen. The results show that the model is successful at representing the kinematics of fiber kinking while at the same time highlighting the need for further verification and validation

Modeling Fiber Kinking at the Microscale and Mesoscale

A computational micromechanics (CMM) model is employed to interrogate the assumptions of a recently developed mesoscale continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model for fiber kinking. The CMM model considers an individually discretized three dimensional fiber and surrounding matrix accounting for nonlinearity in the fiber, matrix plasticity, fiber/matrix interface debonding, and geometric nonlinearity. Key parameters of the CMM model were measured through experiments. In particular, a novel experimental technique to characterize the in situ longitudinal compressive strength of carbon fibers through indentation of micropillars is presented. The CDM model is formulated on the basis of Budiansky's fiber kinking theory (FKT) with a constitutive deformation-decomposition approach to alleviate mesh size sensitivity. In contrast to conventional mesoscale CDM models that prescribe a constitutive response directly, the response of the proposed model is an outcome of material nonlinearity and large rotations of the fiber direction following FKT. Comparison of the predictions from the CMM and CDM models shows remarkable correlation in strength, post-peak residual stress, and fiber rotation, with less than 10% difference between the two models in most cases. Additional comparisons are made with several fiber kinking models proposed in the literature to highlight the efficacy of the two models. Finally, the CMM model is exercised in parametric studies to explore opportunities to improve the longitudinal compression strength of a ply through the use of nonconventional microstructures

A critical assessment of design tools for stress analysis of adhesively bonded double lap joints

Despite the proliferation of high fidelity finite-element (FE) models, lower fidelity models remain commonly used in adhesively bonded joint design. These design models can save both computational and user time due to their simplicity and ease of use. This study presents a detailed assessment of local stress fields predicted by five design models: A4EI, HyperSizer, Joint Element Designer, Carrera Unified Formulation, and a Continuum Solid Shell FE model. All models were compared with a high fidelity, dense mesh FE model. Six double lap joint cases with different combinations of features like different adhereds, a core, and tapers were compared

Simulation of the transit-time optical stochastic cooling process in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring

In preparation for a demonstration of optical stochastic cooling in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) we have developed a particle tracking simulation to study the relevant beam dynamics. Optical radiation emitted in the pickup undulator gives a momentum kick to that same particle in the kicker undulator. The optics of the electron bypass from pickup to kicker couples betatron amplitude and momentum offset to path length so that the momentum kick reduces emittance and momentum spread. Nearby electrons contribute an incoherent noise. Layout of the bypass line is presented that accommodates optics with a range of transverse and longitudinal cooling parameters. The simulation is used to determine cooling rates and their dependence on bunch and lattice parameters for bypass optics with distinct emittance and momentum acceptance

A Heavy-Light Chiral Quark Model

We present a new chiral quark model for mesons involving a heavy and a light (anti-) quark. The model relates various combinations of a quark - meson coupling constant and loop integrals to physical quantities. Then, some quantities may be predicted and some used as input. The extension from other similar models is that the present model includes the lowest order gluon condensate of the order (300 MeV)^4 determined by the mass splitting of the 0^- and the 1^- heavy meson states. Within the model, we find a reasonable description of parameters such as the decay constants f_B and f_D, the Isgur-Wise function and the axial vector coupling g_A in chiral perturbation theory for light and heavy mesons.Comment: 31 pages, 13 figures, RevTex4.

Intracellular interferons in fish : a unique means to combat viral infection

Peer reviewedPublisher PD