The Development of Supplementary Textbooks Based on Local Wisdom with Inquiry Learning Model in Elementary School

This research and development aims to develop teaching suplement books based on local wisdom with inquiry learning models to improve student learning outcomes, and the effectiveness of textbooks. Research and development (R & D) refers to the theory of Borg and Gall. The subjects of this study is experts in material validation, media, teachers, and fourth grade students of Public Elementary School 2 Pasuruan, Penengahan, South Lampung Regency. The instrument that used was a test to measure student learning outcomes and a questionnaire to measure the feasibility of textbooks. This final product is a textbooks that has been validated by material experts, media experts, and classroom teachers. The results showed that the textbook developed based on the results of the analysis of student needs and could be used in the curriculum2013, it was attractive to students seen from the positive student response, and effective for learning seen from the improvement in learning outcomes. Keywords: Textbooks, Local Wisdom, Inquiry, Learning Outcomes DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-3-1

Biaxial nematic phases in fluids of hard board-like particles

We use density-functional theory, of the fundamental-measure type, to study the relative stability of the biaxial nematic phase, with respect to non-uniform phases such as smectic and columnar, in fluids made of hard board-like particles with sizes $\sigma_1>\sigma_2>\sigma_3$. A restricted-orientation (Zwanzig) approximation is adopted. Varying the ratio $\kappa_1=\sigma_1/\sigma_2$ while keeping $\kappa_2=\sigma_2/\sigma_3$, we predict phase diagrams for various values of $\kappa_2$ which include all the uniform phases: isotropic, uniaxial rod- and plate-like nematics, and biaxial nematic. In addition, spinodal instabilities of the uniform phases with respect to fluctuations of the smectic, columnar and plastic-solid type, are obtained. In agreement with recent experiments, we find that the biaxial nematic phase begins to be stable for $\kappa_2\simeq 2.5$. Also, as predicted by previous theories and simulations on biaxial hard particles, we obtain a region of biaxility centred on $\kappa_1\approx\kappa_2$ which widens as $\kappa_2$ increases. For \kappa_2\agt 5 the region $\kappa_2\approx\kappa_1$ of the packing-fraction vs. $\kappa_1$ phase diagrams exhibits interesting topologies which change qualitatively with $\kappa_2$. We have found that an increasing biaxial shape anisotropy favours the formation of the biaxial nematic phase. Our study is the first to apply FMT theory to biaxial particles and, therefore, it goes beyond the second-order virial approximation. Our prediction that the phase diagram must be asymmetric is a genuine result of the present approach, which is not accounted for by previous studies based on second-order theories.Comment: Preprint format. 18 pages, 5 figure

Theoretical Study on Superconductivity in Boron-Doped Diamond

We consider superconductivity in boron (B) doped diamond using a simplified model for the valence band of diamond. We treat the effects of substitutional disorder of B ions by the coherent potential approximation (CPA) and those of the attractive force between holes by the ladder approximation under the assumption of instantaneous interaction with the Debye cutoff. We thereby calculate the quasiparticle life time, the evolution of the single-particle spectra due to doping, and the effect of disorder on the superconducting critical temperature $T_c$. We in particular compare our results with those for supercell calculations to see the role of disorder, which turns out to be of crucial importance to $T_c$.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Errors in embedded eps figure files have been correcte

Observation of a biaxial nematic phase in potassium laurate-1-decanol-water mixtures

[[abstract]]The phase diagram of the ternary system potassium laurate-1-decanol-D2O was studied over concentration ranges where nematic phases are likely to occur. Two uniaxial nematic phases which are separated by a biaxial nematic phase are found. In limited concentration range the following phase sequence may be observed reversibly on heating and on cooling: isotropic-uniaxial nematic (positive optical anisotropy)-biaxial nematic-uniaxial nematic (negative optical anisotropy)-biaxial nematic-uniaxial nematic (positive optical anisotropy)-isotropic.[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]紙本[[booktype]]電子

Fast Algorithm for Finding the Eigenvalue Distribution of Very Large Matrices

A theoretical analysis is given of the equation of motion method, due to Alben et al., to compute the eigenvalue distribution (density of states) of very large matrices. The salient feature of this method is that for matrices of the kind encountered in quantum physics the memory and CPU requirements of this method scale linearly with the dimension of the matrix. We derive a rigorous estimate of the statistical error, supporting earlier observations that the computational efficiency of this approach increases with matrix size. We use this method and an imaginary-time version of it to compute the energy and the specific heat of three different, exactly solvable, spin-1/2 models and compare with the exact results to study the dependence of the statistical errors on sample and matrix size.Comment: 24 pages, 24 figure

Collapse and folding of pressurized rings in two dimensions

Hydrostatically pressurized circular rings confined to two dimensions (or cylinders constrained to have only z-independent deformations) undergo Euler type buckling when the outside pressure exceeds a critical value. We perform a stability analysis of rings with arc-length dependent bending moduli and determine how weakened bending modulus segments affect the buckling critical pressure. Rings with a 4-fold symmetric modulation are particularly susceptible to collapse. In addition we study the initial post-buckling stages of the pressurized rings to determine possible ring folding patterns

Critical Hysteresis from Random Anisotropy

Critical hysteresis in ferromagnets is investigated through a $N$-component spin model with random anisotropies, more prevalent experimentally than the random fields used in most theoretical studies. Metastability, and the tensorial nature of anisotropy, dictate its physics. Generically, random field Ising criticality occurs, but other universality classes exist. In particular, proximity to $\mathcal{O}(N)$ criticality may explain the discrepancy between experiment and earlier theories. The uniaxial anisotropy constant, which can be controlled in magnetostrictive materials by an applied stress, emerges as a natural tuning parameter.Comment: four pages, revtex4; minor corrections in the text and typos corrected (published version

N-vector spin models on the sc and the bcc lattices: a study of the critical behavior of the susceptibility and of the correlation length by high temperature series extended to order beta^{21}

High temperature expansions for the free energy, the susceptibility and the second correlation moment of the classical N-vector model [also known as the O(N) symmetric classical spin Heisenberg model or as the lattice O(N) nonlinear sigma model] on the sc and the bcc lattices are extended to order beta^{21} for arbitrary N. The series for the second field derivative of the susceptibility is extended to order beta^{17}. An analysis of the newly computed series for the susceptibility and the (second moment) correlation length yields updated estimates of the critical parameters for various values of the spin dimensionality N, including N=0 [the self-avoiding walk model], N=1 [the Ising spin 1/2 model], N=2 [the XY model], N=3 [the Heisenberg model]. For all values of N, we confirm a good agreement with the present renormalization group estimates. A study of the series for the other observables will appear in a forthcoming paper.Comment: Revised version to appear in Phys. Rev. B Sept. 1997. Revisions include an improved series analysis biased with perturbative values of the scaling correction exponents computed by A. I. Sokolov. Added a reference to estimates of exponents for the Ising Model. Abridged text of 19 pages, latex, no figures, no tables of series coefficient