Incidental finding of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in a 52-year-old man: a case report.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) also known as Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (APKD) is one of the most common systemic hereditary diseases. The disease usually presents between 20 to 39 years of age, although milder forms may not present until over 60 years and absence of renal failure has been rarely observed in some patients up to 80 years of age. Three distinct gene defects have been implicated in the pathogenesis of APKD designated as PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3. Patients with APKD may be asymptomatic, or may usually present with hypertension (in 50-70% of cases), renal insufficiency, and the complications of multiple cysts (haematuria, pain and infection) or as an abdominal mass discovered on incidental clinical or imaging examination. APKD is said to be rare in Africans. Case report: We report a case of an incidental finding of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in a 52-year-old normotensive man with a normal renal function test. Haematuria, dysuria and low-grade fever were the presenting complaints. The role of radiology in the diagnosis and management of ADPKD was highlighted. Conclusion: Although APKD is rare in Africans, a high index of suspicion for the disease is essential for the diagnosis of the disease especially in elderly patients with a family history of APKD who present with haematuria associated with multiple renal cysts

Factors associated with compliance to chemotherapy amongst cancer patients in a radiotherapy facility

Objectives: To study compliance with chemotherapy schedules in cancer patients and associated factors.Study Background: This study was conducted in Radiotherapy/Oncology Department, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria which has a 10-bed capacity chemotherapy room, within 11 weeks from 1st March 2018 to 18th May 2018. Almost all the patients were on 3- weekly cyclical chemotherapy with very few patients on 2-weekly or 4- weekly courses. The hospital serves as a centre of excellence for oncology in the Northern region of Nigeria. The bulk of the patients are from a low socio-economic class.Methodology: The study is a prospective cross-sectional study involving a total of 140 patients. Data collection from patients' record (age, diagnosis, stage at diagnosis, comorbidities, chemotherapy regimen, previous treatments received etc.), the record of the date of chemotherapy course and assessment ECOG performance for each patient during each chemotherapy course were recorded in a designed booklet. This was conducted for over 11 weeks. Ethical clearance was obtained. Patients' consent was obtained, and care was taken to maintain the confidentiality of patients. Data collected were inputted and analyzed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between compliance with chemotherapy schedule and patients' performance status, prior radiotherapy, combination chemotherapy and use of platinum-based chemotherapy regimen. However, there were no correlations with patients' age, sex, chemotherapy course, stage of the disease, previous oncologyrelated surgery (excluding biopsies), comorbidities and blood transfusion during chemotherapy.Conclusion: This study suggests that patients' performance status, prior radiotherapy, use of platinum-based chemotherapy and combination chemotherapy schedule are significant to compliance with chemotherap

Characteristics of COVID-19 cases and factors associated with their mortality in Katsina State, Nigeria, April-July 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 was first detected in Daura, Katsina State, Nigeria on 4 April 2020. We characterized the cases and outlined factors associated with mortality. Methods: We analysed the COVID-19 data downloaded from Surveillance Outbreak Response, Management and Analysis System between 4 April and 31 July 2020. We defined a case as any person with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test within that period. We described the cases in time, person, and place; calculated the crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with mortality. Results: We analysed 744 confirmed cases (median age 35, range 1-90), 73% males and 24 deaths (Case fatality rate 3.2%, Attack rate 8.5/100,000). The outbreak affected 31 districts, started in week 14, peaked in week 26, and is ongoing. Highest proportion of cases in the age groups were 26.7% (184) in 30-39, 21.7% (153) in 20-29 years, and 18.3% (129) in 40-49 years. While the highest case fatality rates in the age groups were 35.7% in 70-79, 33.3% in 80-89 years, and 19.4% in 60-69 years. Factors associated with death were cough (AOR: 9.88, 95% CI: 1.29-75.79), age ≥60 years (AOR: 18.42, 95% CI: 7.48-45.38), and male sex (AOR: 4.4, 95% CI: 0.98-20.12). Conclusion: Male contacts below 40 years carried the burden of COVID-19. Also, persons 60 years and above, with cough have an increased risk of dying from COVID-19. Risk communication should advocate for use of preventive measures, protection of persons 60 years and above, and consideration of cough as a red-flag sign

Additional file 4 of Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018

Additional file 4: Supplemental results.1. README. 2. Prevalence range across districts. 3. Prevalence range between sexes. 4. Prevalence range between ages. 5. Age-specific district ranges