ЛУЧЕВАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ ЛЕГКИХ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОНКОГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ

Radiological imaging is the main diagnostic technique of infectious pulmonary complications in patients with hematological malignancy. Disturbance of the immune system in this group of patients causes uncommon epidemiology, nonspecific clinical manifestation and rapidly progressive development of the infectious process. Modern diagnostic methods allow to reveal inflammatory changes in the lungs with high efficiency. In the current clinical practice, the most actual problem is rapid identification of pathogens using the wide-spread method. This possibility results in faster and more accurate patient treatment. The article reviews different imaging techniques and focuses on the preferable method for diagnosing pneumonia in immunocompromised patients and presents a recent view of russian and foreign researchers on the advantages and limitations of computed tomography in the differential diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections.Лучевые методы визуализации являются основными инструментами в диагностике инфекционных поражений легких, которые часто развиваются у  онкогематологических пациентов и  ассоциированы с  высокой летальностью. Глубокое нарушение иммунного ответа у данной группы больных обусловливает необычную эпидемиологию, стертую клиническую картину и быстрое, зачастую молниеносное, развитие инфекционного процесса. Современные методы диагностики позволяют выявить воспалительные изменения в легких с высокой эффективностью. В настоящий момент в клинической практике наиболее актуальной задачей является возможность предположить этиологию инфекционного осложнения и своевременно скорректировать этиотропную терапию, используя быстрый и доступный способ. В данной статье обоснован наиболее предпочтительный метод диагностики пневмоний у  иммунокомпрометированных пациентов и  представлен современный взгляд российских и  зарубежных исследователей на  потенциал и  ограничения компьютерной томографии в  дифференциальной диагностике инфекционных поражений нижних дыхательных путей

Diabetes and the Risk of Multi-System Aging Phenotypes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

[[abstract]]Background: Observational studies suggested an association between diabetes and the risk of various geriatric conditions (i.e., cognitive impairment, dementia, depression, mobility impairment, disability, falls, and urinary incontinence). However, the magnitude and impact of diabetes on older adults have not been reviewed. Methodology/Principal Findings: MEDLINE and PSYCINFO databases were searched through November 2007 for published studies, supplemented by manual searches of bibliographies of key articles. Population-based, prospective cohort studies that reported risk of geriatric outcomes in relation to diabetes status at baseline were selected. Two authors independently extracted the data, including study population and follow-up duration, ascertainment of diabetes status at baseline, outcomes of interest and their ascertainment, adjusted covariates, measures of association, and brief results. Fifteen studies examined the association of DM with cognitive dysfunction. DM was associated with a faster decline in cognitive function among older adults. The pooled adjusted risk ratio (RR) for all dementia when persons with DM were compared to those without was 1.47 (95% CI, 1.25 to 1.73). Summary RRs for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia comparing persons with DM to those without were 1.39 (CI, 1.16 to 1.66) and 2.38 (CI, 1.79 to 3.18), respectively. Four of 5 studies found significant association of DM with faster mobility decline and incident disability. Two studies examined the association of diabetes with falls in older women. Both found statistically significant associations. Insulin users had higher RR for recurrent falls. One study for urinary incontinence in older women found statistically significant associations. Two studies for depression did not suggest that DM was an independent predictor of incident depression. Conclusions/Significance: Current evidence supports that DM is associated with increased risk for selected geriatric conditions. Clinicians should increase their awareness and provide appropriate care. Future research is required to elucidate the underlying pathological pathway. 2009 Lu et al

Oncofertility in women cured of hodgkin’s lymphoma as a child

The concept of risk-adapted therapy is a modern standard of choice for the treatment regimen of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in childhood.  As a rule, patients are distributed depending on the number of factors in the groups of low, intermediate and high risk with a  particular volume of the treatment program. The rational use of chemotherapy and radiation therapy can reduce the risk of gonadal  toxicity. Loss of oocytes in patients receiving Hodgkin’s lymphoma therapy in childhood is usually associated with systemic  chemotherapy and pelvic irradiation. A combination of inhibin B and FSH is proposed as a screening marker to assess the gonadotoxic  effects of chemotherapy, in both girls and boys

Oncofertility in men cured of Hodgkin’s lymphoma as a child

Hodgkin’s lymphoma, being a highly malignant disease, has now acquired the property of a curative one. The article describes the basic principles of therapy of children with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, slow fixation of risk-adapted treatment positions. The possibility of complete cure of most patients appeared, which made this tumor a unique model for studying the remote consequences of cancer treatment. After the antitumor treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, boys may suffer from testicular insufficiency (due to cytostatics), obstructive azoospermia (as a consequence of radiation therapy in the pelvic area), hypogonadism (secondary - after exposure of the pituitary gland to radiation, primary - after exposure of the pelvis due to the toxic effects of cytostatics). In order to reduce the gonadotoxicity of treatment, studies are being conducted to modify chemotherapy in the direction of lowering the doses of alkylating cytostatics, reducing the doses of radiation therapy without losing the effectiveness of treatment. Regardless of the cause of male infertility diagnosis includes the collection of reproductive history, external examination of the genitals, analysis of ejaculate, ultrasound examination of the scrotum, assessment of hormone levels (follicle stimulating hormone, total testosterone, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, inhibin B, thyroid stimulating hormone)

Propolis produced in Bulgaria and Mongolia: phenolic compounds and plant origin

Phenolic composition of Bulgarian and Mongolian propolis and their possible plant sources (the resinous secretions of different tree buds) were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results obtained demonstrate that in both countries propolis is collected mainly from poplars: from Populus nigra and to some extent from P italica in Bulgaria, and from P suaveolens in Mongolia

Invasive aspergillosis in children and adolescents with solid tumors: clinical cases and registry analysis

We presented two cases of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in children with solid tumors, data of IA patients register, and a literature review. In the register of patients with IA (1997–2018), we found 57 patients with IA from 0 to 18 years. It was established that the number of patients with solid tumors was 15.7 %. Background diseases were: central nervous system tumors – 33.5 %, neuroblastoma – 33.5 %, osteosarcoma – 11.0 %, Wilms tumor – 11.0 %, hemangioblastoma – 11.0 %. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was reported in 100 % of IA cases in children and adolescents with solid tumors. The additional risk factors were treatment in intensive care unit – 22.2 %, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – 22.2 %, concomitant bacterial infection – 33.0 %. Surgical intervention for the underlying disease was performed in 77.7 % of patients. The most common clinical site of IA was the lungs – 88.9 %. The predominant clinical sign was fever – 66.7 %, cough and respiratory failure were seen less frequently – 33.4 % and 33.4 %, respectively. The etiological agents of IA were Aspergillus fumigatus – 33.3 %, Aspergillus nidulans – 33.3 % and Aspergillus ustus – 33.3 %. 88.9 % of patients received antimycotic therapy, voriconazole predominantly – 66.7 %. Combination therapy was used in 33.3 % of patients. The overall 12-week survival in children and adolescents with IA in case of solid tumors was 77.8 %