51 research outputs found
CURRENT STATE OF FISHERIES AND ASSESSMENT OF FISH STOCKS IN THE WESTERN MIDDLE OF THE CASPIAN SEA. PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF THE FISH RESOURCES
Aim. To aim is to assess stocks and the fisheries of aquatic biological resources in the western part of the middle Caspian Sea and perspectives for the use of their resource potential.Methods. On the basis of the literature sources and our own data on the fish inventory in the western part of the Middle Caspian, we discuss possible reasons for emerging environmental, economic and other problems in the use of biological resources.Results. The main negative factors are the large-scale poaching, resulting in a catastrophic reduction in stocks of sturgeon and other valuable fish species of the Caspian Sea, a natural penetration of alien organisms (Mnemiopsis) and overfishing of some species. The potential danger is large-scale development of oil and gas fields in the Caspian Sea, which can lead to even worse situation for the biological resources of the sea.Conclusions. In order to preserve the biological resources of the sea it is necessary to create conditions for steadily developing fishing and fish processing enterprises, thus ensuring the satisfaction of the constant demand for fish products and an increase in the revenue base of the budget and the well-being of the Russian population
Проблемы разработки и реализации стратегических программ научно-технологического развития в регионах РФ: социально-организационные барьеры. Часть 2
If the general purpose of all work is to study problems of development and implementation of strategic programs of STD in regions of the Russian Federation with different level of modernization, at the first stage the question of organization of work in regions with external, infocommunicative side was raised, and at the second stage from subjective position, on the basis of assessment of the situation from the social and organizational side. Hence the similarities and differences in methodology, methods and outcomes at each stage. Each of them is of interest in assessing the work in this direction, but the comparison of the data obtained is of particular importance. If the first phase involved work to inform the public and potential participants about the forthcoming work on the STD and, Accordingly, on the readiness of the authorities and management to implement it on the materials of remote analysis of official sites of the regions, The second phase focused on finding out: How it is perceived by specialists in terms of creating a favourable social and organizational environment in the regions for the implementation of the adopted strategies.Purpose: obtaining an assessment of the readiness of regional authorities to create favorable social and organizational conditions for successful activities according to certain criteria and elements of innovative and technological systems.Methods: the methodology of the study takes into account the logic and content of the elements of the first stage of the program, but it is markedly different from them. General is the setting of the problem, the presence of related elements of the program (problem, object, subject, hypotheses, goal and tasks, nevertheless there is a difference in methods and procedures), in terms of using empirical scales and interpreting the results. However, if at the first stage the main method was remote (in this sense anonymous) scanning and analysis of data from official sites of authorities and administrations in the selected regions according to the criterion of the level of their sociocultural modernization, at the second stage the main method was personal remote interviews of qualified specialists about the real situation and potential to solve the outstanding issues in the social and organizational plan.Results: the tasks set by the Decrees will be difficult to solve positively without the organization of systematic sociological support for the implementation of the innovation policy of the SSTD of the Russian Federation in the regions as a link of feedback and corresponding organizational outputs on the materials of such studies.Conclusions and Relevance: at the first stage we concluded that the implementation of the Strategic Documents on the Implementation of Innovation Policy of the SSTD of the Russian Federation requires taking into account the state of affairs in regions with different levels of sociocultural modernization and proved this situation on the materials of remote analysis of official sites of their management and the allocation of various barriers as a subject of research and practice. At the second stage, we have shown that the problem is not only the differences between regions and barriers, but also the ability of authorities and administrations to adequately assess their contribution to the process of modernization of the country, and to overcome barriers by creating a favorable social and organizational environment. Today in the surveyed regions the orientation not on the case, as experts note, but on "good reporting".Общей целью представленной работы является изучение проблем реализации стратегических программ НТР в регионах РФ с разным уровнем модернизации. На первом этапе исследования ставился вопрос об организации работы в регионах с внешней, инфо-коммуникативной стороны; на втором – с субъективной позиции экспертов, на основе оценки ими положения дел с социально-организационной стороны. Отсюда сходство и различия в методологии, методах и результатах работы этапов, каждый из которых представляет интерес для оценки работы в этом направлении, но особое значение имеет сопоставление их данных. При этом, если на первом этапе речь шла о работе по информированию населения и потенциальных участников о предстоящей работе по СНТР и, соответственно, о готовности органов власти и управления к её реализации на материалах дистанционного анализа официальных сайтов регионов, то на втором акцент был сделан на выяснении того, как эта работа воспринимается специалистами с точки зрения создания в регионах благоприятной социально-организационной среды для реализации принятых стратегий НТР.Цель второго этапа. Оценить работу региональных органов власти по созданию благоприятных социально-организационных условий для реализации целей и задач по отдельным критериям развития инновационных и технологических систем СНТР.Метод или методология проведения работы. Методология исследования учитывает логику и содержание элементов программы первого этапа, однако заметно отличается от них. Общими являются постановка проблемы, наличие связанных элементов программы (проблема, объект, предмет, гипотезы, цель и задачи, хотя и присутствует различие по методам и процедурам) в части использования эмпирических шкал и интерпретации результатов. Однако, если на первом этапе основным методом было дистанционное (в этом смысле – анонимное) сканирование и анализ данных с официальных сайтов органов власти и управления в отобранных регионах по критерию уровня их социокультурной модернизации, то на втором этапе основным методом стали персональные дистанционные интервью квалифицированных специалистов о реальном положении дел и потенциале решения назревших вопросов в социально-организационном плане.Результаты работы. Без организации систематического социолого-управленческого сопровождения реализации инновационной политики СНТР РФ в регионах, в качестве звена обратной связи, и соответствующих оргвыводов на материалах таких исследований поставленные Указами Президента задачи будет трудно решить положительно. Можно сказать, что методика и результаты такого сопровождения отработаны и предложены для обсуждения.Выводы. На первом этапе был сделан вывод о том, что воплощение в жизнь Стратегических документов по реализации инновационной политики СНТР РФ требует учёта положения дел в регионах с разным уровнем социокультурной модернизации, а также доказано это положение на материалах дистанционного анализа официальных сайтов руководства регионов и выделены в качестве предмета исследования и практики управления различного рода барьеры. На втором этапе показано, что проблема не только в различиях между регионами и существующих барьерах, но и в способности органов власти и управления адекватно оценивать свой вклад в процесс модернизации страны и преодоление барьеров путём создания благоприятной социально-организационной среды. Сегодня в обследованных регионах, к сожалению, превалирует ориентация не на дело, а, как отмечают эксперты, на «хорошую» отчётность
ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОГРАММ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В РЕГИОНАХ РФ: СОЦИАЛЬНО-ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЕ БАРЬЕРЫ (по материалам дистанционного исследования в 14 регионах страны с разным уровнем социокультурной модернизации)
Purpose: substantiation of sociological research problems associated with the socio-organizational barriers appearance in the implementation of scientific and technological development Strategies (SSTD) in regions with different levels of socio-cultural modernization and their readiness assessment to innovate according to innovation and technological systems criteria and elements.Methods: research methodology is the principles of logical and mathematical justification of obtaining new knowledge: from the formulation of a practically significant problem to the empirical interpretation of the used concepts and the new result. The elements of the research program are the problem, object, subject, hypotheses, goals and tasks, and the methodological method is to use of empirical scales to test hypotheses and substantiate the results. The main method of collecting primary data is to obtain them remotely from the selected regionsoficial websites.Results: to get the proof of the possibilities of more full use of the feedback potential in the regional management systems in the development of Strategic documents and their implementation. It is shown that the main reason for the appearance of socio-organizational barriers is that the interests of central industries and departments today consistently prevail over the of spatial development regions interests with different levels of socio-cultural modernization.Conclusions and relevance: sociological support Opportunities of Strategic documents preparation and implementation gives a preliminary, but still convincing picture of this process organization. It can be taken by central and local authorities in Strategic documents next stages.Цель: Обоснование актуальности социологического исследования проблем, связанных с возникновением социально-организационных барьеров в процессе реализации Стратегий научно-технологического раз-вития (СНТР) в регионах с различным уровнем социокультурной модернизации, а также оценка их готов-ности к инновационной деятельности по отдельным критериям и элементам инновационной и техно-логической систем.Методология проведения работы: Методология исследования – принципы логико-математического обоснования получения нового знания: от постановки практически значимой проблемы до эмпирической интерпретации используемых понятий и нового результата. Элементами программы исследования яв-ляются: проблема, объект, предмет, гипотезы, цели и задачи, а методическим приемом – использование эмпирических шкал для проверки гипотез и обоснования результатов. Основным методом сбора первичных данных является их дистанционное получение с официальных сайтов руководства отобранных регионов.Результаты работы: Получено доказательство о возможностях более полного использования потенциа-ла обратной связи в региональных системах управления при разработке Стратегических документов и их реализации. Показано, что основная причина появления социально-организационных барьеров в том, что интересы центральных отраслей и ведомств сегодня устойчиво превалируют над интересами пространственного развития регионов с разным уровнем социокультурной модернизации, а значит и с решением задач повышения уровня социального благосостояния значительных слоев населения, пред-усмотренных в майских Указах Президента РФ.Выводы: Возможности социологического сопровождения подготовки и реализации Стратегических до-кументов, продемонстрированные авторами на материале дистанционного анализа работы над сцена-риями реализации инновационной политики СНТР РФ в регионах с разным уровнем социокультурной мо-дернизации, дает предварительную, но все же убедительную картину организации этого процесса, что может быть учтено центральными и местными органами власти и управления на следующих этапах работы над Стратегическими документами
HLA B27 allele types in homogeneous groups of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients in Latvia
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous condition and therapeutic strategies vary in different JIA types. The routinely accepted practice to start with Sulphasalazine (SS) as the first line treatment in patients with HLA B27 positive JIA proves to be ineffective in a large proportion of children
CURRENT ENVIRONMENT STATE OF COASTAL MARINE WATER OF DAGESTAN
Aim. We analysed current environmental state of the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea. Data on the spatial variability of contaminants in the coastal areas of the Dagestan segment of the Caspian Sea from the northern districts (Lopatin) to the central (Sulak coastal land) and, further, to the southern district (within Russian subsoil management) confirm that it is caused by irregular contamination of the sea by above-ground sources. Location. Dagestan coastal area of the Caspian SeaMethods. Concentration analysis of background contamination of chemical agents in the Dagestan coastal water from northern districts (Lopatin) to southern (Sulak coastal land) during the period between 2004 and 2007.Results. Data on the spatial variability of contaminants in the coastal areas of the Dagestan segment of the Caspian Sea from the northern districts (Lopatin) to the central (Sulak coastal land) and, further, to the southern district (within Russian subsoil management) confirm that it is caused by irregular contamination of the sea by above-ground sources.Main conclusions. The envisaged large-scale hydrocarbon resource development requires regular monitoring of sea currents on Makhachkala, Izberbash and Derbent roads
ZOOBENTHOS OF THE MIDDLE CASPIAN. BENTHOS COMMUNITIES OF THE CASPIAN SEA
Abstract. Aim. Industrialization of Caspian oil and gas supplies requires a serious approach to the problem of protecting and preserving the region’s unique environment that, in fact, represents a property of international commons. The article studies into the impact of the Caspian modified waters on the benthos faunistic composition.Methods. Zooplancton and zoobenthos hydrobiology material was collected in the Central Caspian survey loop. Samples were collected in spring and summer in 2002 – 2007 in the western part of the Caspian Sea (Dagestan offshore location of the Caspian Sea from Smirnovsky Midstream Sandbank and Pearl Bank till Derbent latitude) on “Tsada” vessel. They were collected from 25 stations located on ten standard parallel latitude logs with depth scope of 8–100 m from 0, 10, 25, 100 m horizons. These samples were used as a material for characterizing phyto- and zooplankton.Results. The benthic can be considered the most stable communities of the marine environment as they are the most resilient to quantity and modifications. Heterogeneous and variable ecosystem (biotope) is typical of the areas with strong currents as the organic quality, quantity and physic-chemical properties are marked by variability.Location. The Caspian zoobenthos state as well as the features of the Caspian Sea benthos communities characterize the ecology of the Caspian Sea and give a true view of the situation in the drilling sites. This will help predict and avert negative effect of hydrocarbon production on the Caspian Sea ecosystem. Main conclusions. Water modification must be intensive, long-lasting and frequent for it to have an impact on benthos
IMPACT OF DRILLING WASTE ON HYDROBIONTS
Aim. The aim is to determine and make an analysis of the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons and other metals in the waste drilling: drill cuttings (DC) and mud (DM), collected in the area of drilling, to assess and forecast the state of biological resources of natural sea water.Methods. Experimental studies of DC and DM showed the petroleum hydrocarbons content, the concentration of which varies depending on the timing of exposure. By quantitative and qualitative indicators, the metal content in the drill cuttings and mud is nonequivalent and this depends on the structure and hardness achieved during drilling the rocks as well as on the degree of contamination with metals.Results. The concentration level of petroleum hydrocarbons and other metals in the drilling waste (drill cuttings and mud) imposes a major problem associated with the conservation of biological resources of the Caspian Sea.Main conclusions. Environmental effects from the discharges of drilling waste on the high seas can be detected only during drilling operations and in close proximity (typically up to 200-500 m) from the discharge point. Persistent damages in communities and ecosystems occur only at long exposures and are adaptive in nature
FORECAST ON THE CASPIAN SEA LEVEL AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE COASTAL TERRITORY
The aim is to assess the dynamics of the Caspian Sea and its impacts on coastal areas as well as to develop recommendations for economic activity in a highly unstable position of the coastline.Methods. Based on the analysis of scientific sources and our own data on the dynamics of the Caspian Sea, are discussed the possible causes of the unstable regime of the sea level and its impacts on the ecological system of the coastal areas.Results. One of the problems of the Caspian Sea is the problem of sea-level change and predicting such changes. The analysis shows that the level of the Caspian Sea will continue to experience long-term (including thirty-year and secular) fluctuations in the range of absolute marks minus 26 to minus 33 m, which is close to the shoreline as in 1977.Conclusions. We find it possible to prevent the negative effects of level fluctuations, preserve biodiversity and biological resources of the Caspian Sea on condition that during the economic activities in the zone off the coast we take into account possible changes in the natural conditions of the coastal zone at risk from -20 to -34 meters of true altitude, i.e. elevations within which the sea water level will fluctuate
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