4,584 research outputs found

    BPS Electromagnetic Waves on Giant Gravitons

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    We find new 1/8-BPS giant graviton solutions in AdS5Γ—S5AdS_5 \times S^5, carrying three angular momenta along S5S^5, and investigate their properties. Especially, we show that nonzero worldvolume gauge fields are admitted preserving supersymmetry. These gauge field modes can be viewed as electromagnetic waves along the compact D3 brane, whose Poynting vector contributes to the BPS angular momenta. We also analyze the (nearly-)spherical giant gravitons with worldvolume gauge fields in detail. Expressing the S3S^3 in Hopf fibration (S1S^1 fibred over S2S^2), the wave propagates along the S1S^1 fiber.Comment: 25 pages, no figures, v2: references adde

    A Comparative Analysis of 20 South Korean Films

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ΅­μ œλŒ€ν•™μ› κ΅­μ œν•™κ³Ό(κ΅­μ œν˜‘λ ₯전곡), 2023. 2. λ°•μ§€ν™˜.톡일뢀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ νƒˆλΆλ―Ό (North Korean defectors)은 3만 3천λͺ… 이상이라고 ν•œλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νƒˆλΆλ―Όλ“€μ˜ μ›ν™œν•œ 정착을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ, λ„μ°©ν•œ μ¦‰μ‹œ λŒ€ν•œλ―Όκ΅­ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒκ³Ό "μ •μ°© ꡐ윑" 그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬ μž¬μ •μ  μ§€μ›ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 λ§Žμ€ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ— μ •μ°©ν•˜λŠ” 데 λ§Žμ€ 어렀움을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. νƒˆλΆλ―Όμ΄ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μ μ‘ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 어렀움을 κ²ͺλŠ” λ°λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ 근본적인 차이λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μ΄μœ κ°€ μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ, ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ νƒˆλΆλ―Όμ„ λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” μ‹œμ„ μ΄ κΈμ •μ μ΄μ§€λ§Œμ€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμΌ 것이닀. μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이런 μ‹œκ°μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° νƒˆλΆλ―Όμ΄ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ λŠλΌλŠ” 닀름 (otherness)은 그듀이 곡동체에 μ μ‘ν•˜κ³  μ†Œμ†κ°μ„ λŠλΌλŠ” 것에 큰 걸림돌이 되고 μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ νƒˆλΆλ―Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 뢀정적인 ν˜Ήμ€ νŽΈν˜‘λœ 관점이 μ–΄λ–€ μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ νƒˆλΆλ―Όλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식을 κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 방법을 λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•˜λŠ” 것은 우리 μ‚¬νšŒμ— ν•„μš”ν•œ 일이라고 μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ μ˜ν™”λŠ” λΆν•œ 주민에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 뢀정적 인식이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” μœ μš©ν•œ ν†΅λ‘œκ°€ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ‹€λ₯Έ ν”Œλž«νΌλ³΄λ‹€λ„ μ˜ν™”λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ μ‹œκ°μ„ ν˜„μ‹€κ³Ό κ°€μž₯ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” ν˜•μ΄μƒν•™μ , μ‹œμ²­κ°μ  λ„κ΅¬μ˜ 역할을 ν•œλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™” (South Korean cinema)μ—μ„œ λΆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜λŠ”κ°€? ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™”λŠ” ν˜„λŒ€ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” λΆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식을 μ–΄λ–€ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”κ°€? ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™” 속에 λ¬˜μ‚¬λœ λΆν•œ 인물과 μ‹€μ œ λΆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 차이λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 쒁힐 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ? λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ— λ‹΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 뢄단 μ˜ν™”λ“€ (division films)을 μ‹œκ°„λŒ€λ³„λ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜λ©° κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ λΆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 투영된 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 편견과 고정관념, ν™˜μƒ 등을 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 1990λ…„λŒ€ ν›„λ°˜λΆ€ν„° ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™” 속에 λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” λΆν•œ 인물은 λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™”μ‚°μ—… 및 남뢁관계 (inter-Korean relations)의 영ν–₯을 λ°›μœΌλ©° κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λ°œμ „ν•΄μ™”λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ˜ν™” 20νŽΈμ„ 비ꡐ 및 λΆ„μ„ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™”κ°€ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄λŠ” λΆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 관점을 ν¬μ°©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λΆν•œ κ΄€λ ¨ μ˜ν™”μ— λŒ€ν•œ 기쑴연ꡬ와 달리 μ˜ν™” 뢄석 및 연ꡬλ₯Ό 심측 인터뷰와 μ ‘λͺ©ν•œλ‹€. 심측인터뷰λ₯Ό 톡해 νƒˆλΆμžλ“€μ΄ λΆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 관점을 ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™” 속에 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜λŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ‹œκ°κ³Ό λŒ€μ‘°ν•˜μ—¬ ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™”κ°€ λΆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 탐ꡬλ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 제 2 μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‚¨λΆκ΄€κ³„μ˜ μ£Όμš” μ •μΉ˜μ  변화와 ν•¨κ»˜ λ°œμ „ν•΄μ˜¨ λΆ„λ‹¨μ˜ν™”μ˜ 역사적 κ°œκ΄€μ„ μ‹œκΈ°λ³„λ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ†Œκ°œν•˜λ©°, 제 3μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 각 λΆ„λ‹¨μ˜ν™”μ— λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” λΆν•œ 인물듀을 λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ 뢄단 μ˜ν™”λ“€μ€ μ „μŸμ˜ν™”, κ°„μ²©μ˜ν™”, νƒˆλΆμžλ“€μ΄ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” λ‹€νλ©˜ν„°λ¦¬ μ˜ν™” λ“±μœΌλ‘œ 각 μž₯λ₯΄μ™€ λΆν•œ 인물의 μ§μ—…λ³„λ‘œ λ‚˜λˆˆλ‹€. 제 4μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” μ˜ν™” μ†μ˜ 인물듀을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 가지고 ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™” μ†μ˜ λΆν•œ 인물에 λŒ€ν•œ λΆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 견해λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νƒˆλΆλ―Όμ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ§„ν–‰ν•œ 인터뷰 λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•œλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™”μ—μ„œ λΆν•œ 인물이 λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμš” μž₯면듀을 클립으둜 νŽΈμ§‘ν•˜μ—¬ νƒˆλΆλ―Όμ—κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬μ€ŒμœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” λΆν•œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 잘λͺ»λœ 인식을 νƒκ΅¬ν•œλ‹€. 제5μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™”λ“€ 속에 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜λŠ” λΆν•œ 인물에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 고정관념듀을 μ •λ¦¬ν•˜κ³ , λ‚¨λΆκ°„μ˜ 인식 차이λ₯Ό 쒁히기 μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ ν•œκ΅­ μ˜ν™”κ°€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ…Έλ ₯을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•œλ‹€. 인터뷰 결과와 ν•œκ΅­ λΆ„λ‹¨μ˜ν™”μ˜ λΆν•œ 캐릭터 뢄석을 κ²°ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν•œκ΅­ λΆ„λ‹¨μ˜ν™”κ°€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ•Όν•  λ°©ν–₯성을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 뢄석듀을 톡해 νƒˆλΆμžμ— λŒ€ν•œ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ 인식을 κΈμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ³  λΆν•œκ³Ό ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒλ¬Έν™”μ  톡합에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€.According to the Ministry of Unification, over 33,000 North Koreans have defected to South Korea since the separation of the Korean peninsula. Although these talbungmin receive South Korean citizenship, resettlement education, and financial assistance almost immediately upon their arrival, a large number of them continue to face severe difficulties due to their cultural and linguistic differences in contemporary South Korean society. At the same time, the South Korean cinema industry continues to release division films of various genres, garnering national and international attention for its Hollywood style action and unique backdrop of the divided Korean peninsula. How can these films allow us to understand the discrimination and challenges that North Korean defectors experience? What messages do South Korean division films deliver about North Koreans, and how do they portray the perspectives of South Koreans? This study endeavors to combine the two different research fields of North Korean resettlement and South Korean cinema studies to understand the discrimination that North Korean defectors experience in South Korean society. Film and media studies is an effective method to examine how South Koreans negative perceptions of North Koreans have been constructed: above any other platform, films serve as a metaphysical, audiovisual tool that delivers the human perspective in the most similar way to reality. Therefore, this study will examine how South Korean films have depicted North Korean characters, shedding light on the various prejudices and stereotypes that have been projected upon North Koreans on screen. Through comparing and analyzing 20 films produced by South Korean filmmakers, this study aims to highlight the ways in which cinematic representations of North Koreans reflect the conceptualization of North Korean defectors in South Korean society. Chapter I demonstrates how this study will combine the two frameworks of film theory and qualitative research, unlike previous works, and Chapter II provides a historical overview of the division films along with major political changes among inter-Korean relations. This overview provides background context on the evolution of division films in South Korean cinematic history, separating each time period by their respective administration and political party. Chapter III gives an analysis of the North Korean characters in each division film, comparing their similarities and differences according to each genre. The chapter is divided into different categories of the division film, including espionage films, war films, and documentary films about North Korean defectors. With the collected analyses, Chapter IV describes interviews with North Korean defectors to examine the gap between South Korean and North Korean perceptions of North Koreans. The interview results provide an evaluation of the accuracy of North Korean characters in South Korean division films. Finally, Chapter V summarizes the various stereotypes and frameworks that South Korean filmmakers have used over the past decades, and explore what new efforts could be made in the future to create a more complex and nuanced North Korean character. Combining the interview results with the analysis of North Korean characters in South Korean division films, this chapter will propose ways forward for South Korean division films to present North Korean characters. Through these suggestions, this study aims to positively alter the perceptions of South Korean society towards North Korean defectors and contribute to the sociocultural integration of North and South Koreans.Chapter I. Introduction 5 1.1 Research Background and Motivation 5 1.2 Literature Review 9 1.3 Research Methodology 12 Chapter II. Historical Overview of Division Films and North and South Korean Relations 15 2.1 Anticommunist Films Under Government Censorship (1945-1998) 17 2.2 Films Released During the Sunshine Era (1998-2008) 19 2.3 Films Released Under Conservative Presidents (2008-2016) 21 2.4 Films Released Under the Moon Jae-in Administration (2017-2022) 23 Chapter III. Spies, Soldiers, Defectors, or Foreigners? Character Analysis of North Koreans in Division Films 26 3.1 The Spectacle of Espionage: North Koreans as Spies 26 3.2 North Korean Soldiers in Imagined Spaces of Unification 35 3.3 The Dramatization of North Koreans as Defectors 42 3.4 Transitioning from Brother to Foreigner: Comparing Themes of Brotherhood, Collaboration, and Friendship Across the Decades 51 Chapter IV. Interviews with North Korean Defectors 67 4.1 Selection of Research Participants and Film Clips 67 4.2 General Responses of North Korean Defectors 72 Chapter V. Conclusion 83 Bibliography 91석

    Breaking Down the Codes: A Study of the Nonverbal Emblems and Regulators Used in International B-Boy Competitions

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    This study explored the use of nonverbal emblems and regulators in international b-boy competitions. Using semiotics, a lexicon of the emblems and regulators was recorded. Then the dimensions from a theory of semantics of dance were applied to understand how b-boy crews (dance teams) from around the world use gesture to communicate with the audience, judges, and other crews. The study analyzed how culture influences the use of emblems and regulators in the intercultural exchange that occurs during the international b-boy competitions, such as Battle of the Year (BOTY) and R16 World Series. Four videos from the 2013 and 2014 BOTY and 2015 R16 were analyzed. The study concluded that cultural dimensions such as collectivism and indulgence influences emblem selection, intensity, and frequency. These nonverbal elements exhibit an overall impact on the battle and the determination of the winner. The paper upon which this poster was based was written for the Senior Seminar course in Communication Arts. The paper was competitively selected for presentation at the Northwest Communication Association Conference in April 2016

    김정은 μ •κΆŒμ˜ ꢌλ ₯ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈ ν†΅μΉ˜ μ „λž΅

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ μ •μΉ˜μ™Έκ΅ν•™λΆ€(μ •μΉ˜ν•™μ „κ³΅), 2021. 2. μž„κ²½ν›ˆ.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ…μž¬μ •μΉ˜ 이둠의 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ κΉ€μ •μ€μ˜ ꢌλ ₯ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈ ν†΅μΉ˜ μ „λž΅ 방식을 밝힘과 λ™μ‹œμ— λ‹Ή-κ΅­κ°€μ²΄μ œμ˜ β€˜μ •μƒν™”β€™λΌλŠ” λΆν•œ μ •μΉ˜μ²΄μ œμ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 수령의 μ •κΆŒ μ•ˆμ •ν™” 도λͺ¨λΌλŠ” λ§₯락 μ†μ—μ„œ ν•΄μ„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. λΆν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ꢌλ ₯ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°μ‘΄ 연ꡬ듀은 주둜 ꢌλ ₯ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈ 개인의 μΆœμ‹ μ„±λΆ„κ³Ό 수령과의 μ—°κ΄€μ„± 뢄석을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μ‘΄ 연ꡬ듀이 이룬 λΆν•œ ꢌλ ₯ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석과 μžλ£Œλ“€μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ •κΆŒ μ•ˆμ •ν™”μ™€ 체제 μœ μ§€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ…μž¬μžκ°€ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈ 연합에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ „λž΅μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. λ…μž¬μ •μΉ˜ 이둠은 λ…μž¬μž 이외에도 λ…μž¬μ²΄μ œλ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” ν–‰μœ„μ§‘λ‹¨μ„ κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜μ—¬ κ·Έ κ΄€κ³„μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 톡해 λ…μž¬μ˜ μž‘λ™μ›λ¦¬λ₯Ό λ°νžŒλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μœ μš©ν•˜λ‹€. κ·Έ μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ μ„ μΆœμΈλ‹¨κ³Ό μŠΉμžμ—°ν•©μ˜ 규λͺ¨ λ³€ν™”, 그리고 ν†΅μΉ˜μžμ™€ μŠΉμžμ—°ν•©μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ ν†΅μΉ˜μžμ˜ μ •κΆŒ μœ μ§€ μ „λž΅μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” λΆ€λ₯΄λ…Έ 데 λ©”μŠ€ν‚€νƒ€μ˜ μ„ μΆœμΈλ‹¨μ΄λ‘ μ„ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 이둠적 λ…Όμ˜ 기반으둜 μ‚ΌλŠ”λ‹€. 김정은은 1) μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ ꢌλ ₯ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ˜ 규λͺ¨λŠ” μΆ•μ†Œμ‹œν‚€λ©΄μ„œ 승자 연합에 λŒ€ν•œ μžμ‹ μ˜ ν†΅μ œλ ₯을 높이고, 2) μž¦μ€ 쑰직 및 인사 κ°œνŽΈμ„ 톡해 ꢌλ ₯ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€μ΄ λ…μžμ μΈ νŒŒλ²Œμ„ ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ§‰λŠ” μ „λž΅μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ „λž΅μ€ λ…μž¬μžκ°€ μΆ©μ„±μ„Έλ ₯μ—κ²Œ μ μ ˆν•œ 보상을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³  μ΄κΆŒμ„ μž¬λΆ„λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μš©μ΄ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ…μž¬κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ μ‰½κ²Œ μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” λ…μž¬μžμ˜ μ „λž΅μ΄λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λΆν•œμ˜ 김정은은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ…μž¬μžμ˜ μ „λž΅μ„ λ‹Ή-κ΅­κ°€ 체제의 μ •μƒν™”λΌλŠ” μ œλ„μ  변화와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλ‹€. λ‹Ή-κ΅­κ°€μ²΄μ œλŠ” μ›λž˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ²΄μ œμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 일반적이고 기본적인 νŠΉμ§•μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, λΆν•œμ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” μ²΄μ œκ±΄μ„€κ³Όμ •κ³Ό μˆ˜λ Ήλ…μž¬μ²΄μ œμ˜ 곡고화λ₯Ό 거치며 λ‹Ήμ˜ μ˜λ„λ³΄λ‹€ 수령의 μ˜λ„κ°€ 더 μš°μœ„μ— μžˆμ–΄μ™”λ‹€. 김정은은 μ§‘κΆŒ 이후 λ‹Ή-κ΅­κ°€μ²΄μ œμ˜ β€˜μ •μƒν™”β€™λ‚˜ ν˜Ήμ€ β€˜λ³΅μ›β€™μ΄λΌκ³  뢈릴 λ§Œν•œ μ œλ„μ  λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κΎ€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ κ°•ν™”λœ λ‹Ήμ˜ κΆŒμœ„λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ ꢌλ ₯ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό κ°•ν™”ν–ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 이처럼 λ‹Ή-κ΅­κ°€μ²΄μ œμ˜ β€˜μ •μƒν™”β€™λΌλŠ” 김정은 μ •κΆŒ ν•˜μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” λΆν•œ μ •μΉ˜μ²΄μ œμ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ‚¬νšŒμ£Όμ˜ λ‹Ή-κ΅­κ°€μ²΄μ œμ˜ κ°œλ… 및 μˆ˜λ Ήμ œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ κ΅¬μΆ•λœ λΆν•œ 체제의 수립 κ³Όμ • λ“±κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ, 결과적으둜 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 변화듀을 μ •κΆŒ μ•ˆμ •ν™”μ™€ 체제 μœ μ§€ 및 ꢌλ ₯ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈ ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ λ…μž¬μžμ˜ μ „λž΅μ  μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€.By analyzing the power elite of the Kim Jong-un regime from the perspective of autocratic theory, this thesis reveals Kim Jong-un’s strategy of taming power elites and explores the meaning of the political changes in North Korea. Previous studies on the power elite in North Korea have focused mainly on analyzing the origins and backgrounds of individual power elites or their connection with Suryeong. This thesis interprets the analysis and data on the North Korean power elite achieved by these previous studies from the perspective of autocratic theory. The autocratic theory is useful because it distinguishes between groups of acts that form a dictatorship and reveals the operating principles of dictatorship through changes in their relationships. In particular, the Selectorate Theory of Bueno de Mesquita (BdM) explains the relationship between the ruler and the Winning Coalition through the size of the Selectorate and the Winning Coalition, which is the basis of the theoretical discussion in this thesis. Kim Jong-un diminishes the size of power elites in an effort to consolidate the dictator’s political standing. And he staves off factional coalitions from forming by stirring up organizational structure and frequent cabinet/elite reshuffle. These two strategies are accompanied by an institutional change in the β€˜normalization’ of the Party-Sate System. This thesis analyzes the party’s empowerment in North Korea from the perspective of Kim Jong-un’s strategy of maintaining his dictatorship.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Questions 1 1.2 Research Methods and Materials 5 1.3 Composition of the Thesis 8 Chapter 2. Literature Review 10 2.1 Studies of Party-State System 10 2.2 Studies of Dictatorships. 14 2.3 "Selectorate Theory" of Bueno de Mesquita. 16 Chapter 3. Capitalizing on the Party-State System 18 3.1 Succession Strategy for Kim Jong-un 18 3.2 Reign of Terror under Kim Jong-un. 20 3.3 "Normalization" in Context. 22 Chapter 4. Party over Winning Coalition: Maneuvering the Size 25 4.1 Shrinking of the Winning Coalition 25 4.2 Discussion of the Selectorate in North Korea. 30 Chapter 5. Stirring Up the Elite Coalitions 32 5.1 Revamping the Bureaucracy. 32 5.1.1 The Military. 32 5.1.2 Office No. 39. 39 5.2 Reshuffling the Personnel. 43 Chapter 6. Conclusion 44 Bibliography 46 Abstract in Korean 51Maste

    Vector chiral states in low-dimensional quantum spin systems

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    A class of exact spin ground states with nonzero averages of vector spin chirality, , is presented. It is obtained by applying non-uniform O(2) rotations of spin operators in the XY plane on the SU(2)-invariant Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) states and their parent Hamiltonians. Excitation energies of the new ground states are studied with the use of single-mode approximation in one dimension for S=1. The excitation gap remains robust. Construction of chiral AKLT states is shown to be possible in higher dimensions. We also present a general idea to produce vector chirality-condensed ground states as non-uniform O(2) rotations of the non-chiral parent states. Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is shown to imply non-zero spin chirality.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

    Color-to-Grayscale Conversion Using a Smart Phone Camera for Value Comparison

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    Cosmic Inflation from Emergent Spacetime Picture

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    We argue that the emergent spacetime picture admits a background-independent formulation of cosmic inflation. The inflation in this picture corresponds to the dynamical emergence of spacetime while the conventional inflation is simply an (exponential) expansion of a preexisting spacetime owing to the vacuum energy carried by an inflaton field. We show that the cosmic inflation arises as a time-dependent solution of the matrix quantum mechanics describing the dynamical process of Planck energy condensate in vacuum without introducing any inflaton field as well as an {\it ad hoc} inflation potential. Thus the emergent spacetime picture realizes a background-independent description of the inflationary universe which has a sufficiently elegant and explanatory power to defend the integrity of physics against the multiverse hypothesis.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure; Contribution to the Proceedings of the Second LeCosPA Symposium "Everything about Gravity", Taipei, 14-18 December, 201
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