391 research outputs found
Comment on Mie Scattering from a Sonoluminescing Bubble with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution [Physical Review E 61, 5253 (2000)]
A key parameter underlying the existence of sonoluminescence (SL)is the time
relative to SL at which acoustic energy is radiated from the collapsed bubble.
Light scattering is one route to this quantity. We disagree with the statement
of Gompf and Pecha that -highly compressed water causes the minimum in
scattered light to occur 700ps before SL- and that this effect leads to an
overestimate of the bubble wall velocity. We discuss potential artifacts in
their experimental arrangement and correct their description of previous
experiments on Mie scattering.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Transport coefficients from the Boson Uehling-Uhlenbeck Equation
We derive microscopic expressions for the bulk viscosity, shear viscosity and
thermal conductivity of a quantum degenerate Bose gas above , the critical
temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation. The gas interacts via a contact
potential and is described by the Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation. To derive the
transport coefficients, we use Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory rather
than the Chapman-Enskog approach. This approach illuminates the link between
transport coefficients and eigenvalues of the collision operator. We find that
a method of summing the second order contributions using the fact that the
relaxation rates have a known limit improves the accuracy of the computations.
We numerically compute the shear viscosity and thermal conductivity for any
boson gas that interacts via a contact potential. We find that the bulk
viscosity remains identically zero as it is for the classical case.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Damping of sound waves in superfluid nucleon-hyperon matter of neutron stars
We consider sound waves in superfluid nucleon-hyperon matter of massive
neutron-star cores. We calculate and analyze the speeds of sound modes and
their damping times due to the shear viscosity and non-equilibrium weak
processes of particle transformations. For that, we employ the dissipative
relativistic hydrodynamics of a superfluid nucleon-hyperon mixture, formulated
recently [M.E. Gusakov and E.M. Kantor, Phys. Rev. D78, 083006 (2008)]. We
demonstrate that the damping times of sound modes calculated using this
hydrodynamics and the ordinary (nonsuperfluid) one, can differ from each other
by several orders of magnitude.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, Phys. Rev. D accepte
First and Second Sound Modes of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Harmonic Trap
We have calculated the first and second sound modes of a dilute interacting
Bose gas in a spherical trap for temperatures () and for
systems with to particles. The second sound modes (which exist
only below ) generally have a stronger temperature dependence than the
first sound modes. The puzzling temperature variations of the sound modes near
recently observed at JILA in systems with particles match
surprisingly well with those of the first and second sound modes of much larger
systems.Comment: a shorten version, more discussions are given on the nature of the
second sound. A long footnote on the recent work of Zaremba, Griffin, and
Nikuni (cond-mat/9705134) is added, the spectrum of the (\ell=1, n_2=0) mode
is included in fig.
The two-fluid model with superfluid entropy
The two-fluid model of liquid helium is generalized to the case that the
superfluid fraction has a small entropy content. We present theoretical
arguments in favour of such a small superfluid entropy. In the generalized
two-fluid model various sound modes of HeII are investigated. In a
superleak carrying a persistent current the superfluid entropy leads to a new
sound mode which we call sixth sound. The relation between the sixth sound and
the superfluid entropy is discussed in detail.Comment: 22 pages, latex, published in Nuovo Cimento 16 D (1994) 37
Topological phases and circulating states of Bose-Einstein condensates
We show that the quantum topological effect predicted by Aharonov and Casher
(AC effect) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 319 (1984)] may be used to create circulating
states of magnetically trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). A simple
experimental setup is suggested based on a multiply connected geometry such as
a toroidal trap or a magnetic trap pinched by a blue-detuned laser. We give
numerical estimates of such effects within the current atomic BEC experiments,
and point out some interesting properties of the associated quantized
circulating states.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Superconductor-to-Metal Transitions in Dissipative Chains of Mesoscopic Grains and Nanowires
The interplay of quantum fluctuations and dissipation in chains of mesoscopic
superconducting grains is analyzed, and the results are also applied to
nanowires. It is shown that in 1-d arrays of resistively shunted Josephson
junctions, the superconducting-normal charge relaxation within the grains plays
an important role. At zero temperature, two superconducting phases can exist,
depending primarily on the strength of the dissipation. In the fully
superconducting phase (FSC), each grain acts superconducting, and the coupling
to the dissipative conduction is important. In the SC* phase, the dissipation
is irrelevant at long wavelengths. The phase transitions between these two
superconducting phases and the normal metallic phase may be either local or
global, and possess rich and complex critical properties. These are inferred
from both weak and strong coupling renormalization group analyses. At
intermediate temperatures, near either superconductor-to-normal phase
transition, there are regimes of super-metallic behavior, in which the
resistivity first decreases gradually with decreasing temperature before
eventually increasing as temperature is lowered further. The results on chains
of Josephson junctions are extended to continuous superconducting nanowires and
the subtle issue of whether these can exhibit an FSC phase is considered.
Potential relevance to superconductor-metal transitions in other systems is
also discussed.Comment: 42 pages, 14 figure
Contribution of the massive photon decay channel to neutrino cooling of neutron stars
We consider massive photon decay reactions via intermediate states of
electron-electron-holes and proton-proton-holes into neutrino-antineutrino
pairs in the course of neutron star cooling. These reactions may become
operative in hot neutron stars in the region of proton pairing where the photon
due to the Higgs-Meissner effect acquires an effective mass that
is small compared to the corresponding plasma frequency. The contribution of
these reactions to neutrino emissivity is calculated; it varies with the
temperature and the photon mass as
for . Estimates show that these processes appear as extra
efficient cooling channels of neutron stars at temperatures K.Comment: accepted to publication in Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. (JETP
Bulk viscosity of superfluid hyperon stars
We calculated bulk viscosity due to non-equilibrium weak processes in
superfluid nucleon-hyperon matter of neutron stars. For that, the dissipative
relativistic hydrodynamics, formulated in paper [1] for superfluid mixtures,
was extended to the case when both nucleons and hyperons are superfluid. It was
demonstrated that in the most general case (when neutrons, protons, Lambda, and
Sigma^{-} hyperons are superfluid), non-equilibrium weak processes generate
sixteen bulk viscosity coefficients, with only three of them being independent.
In addition, we corrected an inaccuracy in a widely used formula for the bulk
viscosity of non-superfluid nucleon-hyperon matter.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure
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