A Study of Women Entrepreneurs Engaged in Food Processing

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Estimation of C II and C II* column densities along Galactic sight-lines

We present interstellar C II (1334.5323 \AA) and C II* (1335.7077 \AA) column density measurements along 14 Galactic sight-lines. These sight-lines sample a variety of Galactic disk environments and include paths that range nearly two orders of magnitude in average hydrogen densities () along the lines of sight. Five of the sight-lines show super-Solar gas phase abundances of carbon. Our results show that the excess carbon along these sight-lines may result from different mechanisms taking place in the regions associated with these stars.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures; Accepted for publication in BAS

First record of Cavernulina orientalis (Thomson & Simpson, 1909) (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea: Veretillidae) from the Bay coast of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

Benthic fauna from in and around Visakhapatnam has been studied by: Radhakrishna (1964); Sudarsan (1983); Adiseshasai (1992) and Vijayakumaran (2003). Previous records have mentioned the collection of specimens of the sea pen genus Cavernularia Valenciennes, 1850 from these waters (Radhakrishna 1964) but species of the closely related (or perhaps synonymous) genus Cavernulina Kuekenthal & Broch, 1911 have not been identified until now. Pennatulaceans are quite common in benthic communities from a depth of a few metres to more than 6200 and thirty-four genera in fourteen families of living pennatulaceans are currently recognised (Williams 2011)

Occurrence of ascidian Molgula sp. from the coastal waters of Visakhapatnam, India

Ascidians referred to as ‘sea squirts’ constitute a major component of biofouling community in coastal waters. Knowledge of diversity of ascidians in the waters around India is very less. Perusal of literature by Renganathan (1990), Venkat et al. (1995), Meenakshi and Senthamarai (2004, 2006) and Meenakshi (2005) indicate that there are about 300 species of ascidians belonging to 10 families and 38 genera reported so far from Indian waters comprising both colonial and solitary forms. Bhavanarayana and Ganapati (1971) studied the ascidian species among pelagic tunicates from the inshore waters of Visakhapatnam

Mantis shrimp larvae from the inshore waters of Visakhapatnam, India

Mantis shrimp larvae were collected by a shore seine net operated at Nagamayapalem, Visakhapatnam, India at a depth of 10–12 m during the early hours of 20 March 2008. Larvae were classified into one group and were identified to a single species of the genus Harpiosquilla. Although mantis shrimp larvae have been found in these waters, there have been no studies that identify them to the species level

नई प्रजातियों के प्रवेश से पारितंत्र में परिवर्तन विशाखपट्टणम तट के परिप्रेक्ष्य में एक खोज

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Clathrina clara (Calcarea: Clathrinida: Clathrinidae) as foulers on onshore farmed oysters (Pinctada fucata)

A calcareous sponge species was observed as a fouler in the onshore oyster culture tanks at Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI). The sponge was collected and preserved for further studies. The material was deposited in the CMFRI museum. The species was identified as Clathrina clara (family Clathrinidae, order Clathrinida, subclass Calcinea, class Calcarea). The species is being recorded for the first time from Indian waters

The Study of the Influence of Formulation and Process Variables on the properties of Simvastatin-Phospholipid Complex

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of the formulation and process variables on the entrapment efficiency of simvastatin-phospholipid complex (SPC), prepared with a goal of improving the solubility and permeability of simvastatin. Method: The SPC was prepared using a solvent evaporation method. The influence of formulation and process variables on simvastatin entrapment was assessed using a central composite design. An additional SPC was prepared using the optimized variables from the developed quadratic model. This formulation was characterized for its physical-chemical properties. The functional attributes of the optimized SPC formulation were analyzed by apparent aqueous solubility analysis, in-vitro dissolution studies, dissolution efficiency analysis, and ex-vivo permeability studies. Results: The factors studied were found to significantly influence on the entrapment efficiency. The developed model was validated using the optimized levels of formulation and process variables. The physical-chemical characterization confirmed a formation of the complex. The optimized SPC demonstrated over 25-fold higher aqueous solubility of simvastatin, compared to that of pure simvastatin. The optimized SPC exhibited a significantly higher rate and extent of simvastatin dissolution (\u3e98%), compared to that of pure simvastatin (∼16%). The calculated dissolution efficiency was also found to be significantly higher for the SPC (∼54 %), compared to that of pure simvastatin (∼8%). Finally, the optimized SPC exhibited a significantly higher simvastatin permeability (\u3e78%), compared to that of pure simvastatin (∼11%). Implications: The present study shows that simvastatin-phospholipid complex can be a promising strategy for improving the delivery of simvastatin, and similar drugs with low aqueous solubility