Probiotics in Pediatrics

653-661The gut microbiota is critically important for development and maturation of the mucosal immune system right from birth till the whole life. The development of the immune system in neonates is especially important because it is not fully matured. However, its growth begins before birth. It depends on various factors like mode of delivery, mother’s microbiota, antibiotic consumption, mother’s milk, eating habits of infants and other environmental factors. Alterations in gut microbiota (dysbiosis) may disturb the gut homeostasis, and hamper the development of immune system. However, dysbiosis in infants may be averted by administration of probiotics. Mother’s milk contains various nutritive components along with some beneficial bacteria, probiotics (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) which help in the development of gut microbiome of the infant. Probiotics, in particular, serve an important role in sustaining eubiosis in an infant's body. Any dysbiotic condition, particularly in infants, may be associated with a number of diseases/disorders like diarrhea, gastrointestinal problems, and allergic issues. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one such common allergic problem prevalent in paediatrics. The probiotics serve as modulators of immune response and acts as immunobiotics. AD-related inflammation can be successfully managed by the intervention of probiotics. This review presents the potential of probiotics for proper development of infants’ immune system, and for prevention and treatment of various diseases, especially the ever-rising cases of AD

Probiotics in Pediatrics

The gut microbiota is critically important for development and maturation of the mucosal immune system right from birth till the whole life. The development of the immune system in neonates is especially important because it is not fully matured. However, its growth begins before birth. It depends on various factors like mode of delivery, mother’s microbiota, antibiotic consumption, mother’s milk, eating habits of infants and other environmental factors. Alterations in gut microbiota (dysbiosis) may disturb the gut homeostasis, and hamper the development of immune system. However, dysbiosis in infants may be averted by administration of probiotics. Mother’s milk contains various nutritive components along with some beneficial bacteria, probiotics (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) which help in the development of gut microbiome of the infant. Probiotics, in particular, serve an important role in sustaining eubiosis in an infant's body. Any dysbiotic condition, particularly in infants, may be associated with a number of diseases/disorders like diarrhea, gastrointestinal problems, and allergic issues. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one such common allergic problem prevalent in paediatrics. The probiotics serve as modulators of immune response and acts as immunobiotics. AD-related inflammation can be successfully managed by the intervention of probiotics. This review presents the potential of probiotics for proper development of infants’ immune system, and for prevention and treatment of various diseases, especially the ever-rising cases of AD

Comparative evaluation of the three different surface treatments - conventional, laser and Nano technology methods in enhancing the surface characteristics of commercially pure titanium discs and their effects on cell adhesion: An in vitro study

The surface area of the titanium dental implant materials can be increased by surface treatments without altering their shape and form, thereby increasing the biologic properties of the biomaterial. A good biomaterial helps in early cell adhesion and cell signaling. In this study, the commercially pure titanium surfaces were prepared to enable machined surfaces to form a control material and to be compared with sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces, laser treated surfaces and titanium dioxide (20 nm) Nano-particle coated surfaces. The surface elements were characterized. The biocompatibility was evaluated by cell culture in vitro using L929 fibroblasts. The results suggested that the titanium dioxide Nano-particle coated surfaces had good osteoconductivity and can be used as a potential method for coating the biomaterial

Relationship between occlusal plane and ala-tragus line in dentate individuals: A Clinical pilot study

Many methods have been used to establish the occlusal plane in complete denture prosthodontics. However, no single method seems to be fully accepted. Anteriorly, esthetic considerations help define the occlusal plane, and posteriorly the tongue, retromolar pad, and Stenson′s duct are considered. Some dentists bisect the space between the residual ridges. The technique of using the ala-tragus line (Camper′s line) to establish the occlusal plane is well documented. However, definitions of the ala-tragus line cause confusion, because the exact points of reference do not agree. For example, the glossary of prosthodontic terms states that the ala-tragus line runs from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the superior border of the tragus of the ear while Spratley′ describes it as running from the center of the ala to the center of the tragus. This article concerns us the exact relationship between the occlusal plane and ala-tragus line in dentate individuals

A newer technique to program a semi adjustable articulator

Introduction: The difficulty in reproducing accurate angle of condylar guidance in semi-adjustable articulators. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the angle of horizontal condylar inclination obtained on a semi-adjustable articulator and the corresponding angle traced on a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) radiograph in completely edentulous subject. Materials and Methods: The horizontal condylar inclination angle was obtained in a semi-adjustable articulator by means of height tracer (extra oral tracing device) and interocclusal records to program the articulator in 21 subjects. TMJ radiograph were recorded by the same operator with same orthopantomogram (OPG) machine (planmeca). Tracings of inclines of articular eminence on the radiograph were compared with the angle obtained on a semi-adjustable articulator. Each measurement was made using manual methods of measuring angle. The results were subjected to the Pearson correlation statistical analysis (α =0.01). Results: The outline of the articular eminence in a TMJ tomogram radiographic image was identified and traced. A significant correlation was found between the horizontal condylar inclination on a semi-adjustable and the corresponding TMJ tomogram radiographic image for both right (R = 0.789; P = 0.001) and left (i = 0.747; P = 0.004) sides. Conclusion: The articular eminence traced on a TMJ tomogram image represents the horizontal condylar inclination with a mean difference of 5° in 21 subjects evaluated

THERAPEUTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFICACY OF PLANT BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA – A REVIEW

Introduction Boerhavia diffusa (BD) is a herb of rasayana type according to ayurvedic statements. It is considered to offer anti-aging, anti-disease, and life-strengthening qualities. Diffusa Boerhaavia Linn. contains a wide variety of therapeutic qualities that have been demonstrated to be beneficial in the treatment of hyperglycemia, inflammation, anxiety, hepatotoxicity, jaundice, and heart problems. Objective: Here, we focus on the chemical composition and ethno-medicinal uses of B. diffusa that extend back to ancient times, as well as their future development. Properties: B. diffusa's exceptional antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, and anticarcinogenic capabilities have drawn pioneers in science and medicine. Additionally, this herb possesses medicinal properties, which is a result of the presence of polyphenols and flavanoids, creates it more vital for clinicians and scientists to exploit in order to obtain a better understanding of its biological and pharmacological capabilities

Influence of Ce3+ on the Structural, Morphological, Magnetic, Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Spinel MnFe2O4 Nanocrystallites Prepared by the Combustion Route

The present work describes the effect of Ce3+ ion doping on the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of spinel manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanocrystallites (NCs) using various instrument techniques. Rare earth element (REE) Cerium (Ce3+) doped MnFe2O4 NCs were prepared by a simple microwave combustion technique. In the present scenario, ferrites are widely used for photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial applications. Aiming to achieve this, we prepared Ce3+ doped MnFe2O4 NCs by microwave combustion method and urea as burning agent and the obtained powder samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), high resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The pure spinel phase formation was confirmed by XRD analysis. FTIR spectra show two prominent absorption bands under 1000 cm−1, which confirms the formation of the spinel structure. HR-SEM and HR-TEM pictures demonstrated a sphere-shaped morphology and also expose the combination and agglomeration of grains, which are mostly due to the magnetic characteristics of the samples. The magnetic properties of the synthesized MnCexFe2−xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) NCs were studied by VSM analysis at room temperature (RT) shows ferromagnetic behavior. The photodegradation results showed that MnFe2O4 and Ce doped MnFe2O4 NCs have a higher potential to degrade methylene blue (MB) and the sample MnCe0.3Fe1.7O4 NCs showed superb photocatalytic performance (91.53%) compared to other samples. The antibacterial activities of Gram-positive S. aureus, B. subtilis and Gram-negative K. pneumonia and E. coli were investigated using pure and Ce3+ substituted MnFe2O4 NCs and a higher activity for MnCe0.3Fe1.7O4 NCs than other samples was observed, which indicated that they can be used in biomedical applications

Influence of Ce³⁺ on the Structural, Morphological, Magnetic, Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Spinel MnFe₂O₄ Nanocrystallites Prepared by the Combustion Route

The present work describes the effect of Ce3+ ion doping on the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of spinel manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanocrystallites (NCs) using various instrument techniques. Rare earth element (REE) Cerium (Ce3+) doped MnFe2O4 NCs were prepared by a simple microwave combustion technique. In the present scenario, ferrites are widely used for photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial applications. Aiming to achieve this, we prepared Ce3+ doped MnFe2O4 NCs by microwave combustion method and urea as burning agent and the obtained powder samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), high resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The pure spinel phase formation was confirmed by XRD analysis. FTIR spectra show two prominent absorption bands under 1000 cm−1, which confirms the formation of the spinel structure. HR-SEM and HR-TEM pictures demonstrated a sphere-shaped morphology and also expose the combination and agglomeration of grains, which are mostly due to the magnetic characteristics of the samples. The magnetic properties of the synthesized MnCexFe2−xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) NCs were studied by VSM analysis at room temperature (RT) shows ferromagnetic behavior. The photodegradation results showed that MnFe2O4 and Ce doped MnFe2O4 NCs have a higher potential to degrade methylene blue (MB) and the sample MnCe0.3Fe1.7O4 NCs showed superb photocatalytic performance (91.53%) compared to other samples. The antibacterial activities of Gram-positive S. aureus, B. subtilis and Gram-negative K. pneumonia and E. coli were investigated using pure and Ce3+ substituted MnFe2O4 NCs and a higher activity for MnCe0.3Fe1.7O4 NCs than other samples was observed, which indicated that they can be used in biomedical applications