510 research outputs found
Cosmological CPT Violation and CMB Polarization Measurements
In this paper we study the possibility of testing Charge-Parity-Time Reversal
(CPT) symmetry with cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. We consider
two kinds of Chern-Simons (CS) term, electromagnetic CS term and gravitational
CS term, and study their effects on the CMB polarization power spectra in
detail. By combining current CMB polarization measurements, the seven-year
WMAP, BOOMERanG 2003 and BICEP observations, we obtain a tight constraint on
the rotation angle deg (), indicating a
detection of the CPT violation. Here, we particularly take the
systematic errors of CMB measurements into account. After adding the QUaD
polarization data, the constraint becomes deg at 95%
confidence level. When comparing with the effect of electromagnetic CS term,
the gravitational CS term could only generate TB and EB power spectra with much
smaller amplitude. Therefore, the induced parameter can not be
constrained from the current polarization data. Furthermore, we study the
capabilities of future CMB measurements, Planck and CMBPol, on the constraints
of and . We find that the constraint of
can be significantly improved by a factor of 15. Therefore, if this rotation
angle effect can not be taken into account properly, the constraints of
cosmological parameters will be biased obviously. For the gravitational CS
term, the future Planck data still can not constrain very well, if
the primordial tensor perturbations are small, . We need the more
accurate CMBPol experiment to give better constraint on .Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in JCA
Probing for cosmological parameters with LAMOST measurement
In this paper we study the sensitivity of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object
Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) project to the determination of
cosmological parameters, employing the Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) method.
For comparison, we first analyze the constraints on cosmological parameters
from current observational data, including WMAP, SDSS and SN Ia. We then
simulate the 3D matter power spectrum data expected from LAMOST, together with
the simulated CMB data for PLANCK and the SN Ia from 5-year Supernovae Legacy
Survey (SNLS). With the simulated data, we investigate the future improvement
on cosmological parameter constraints, emphasizing the role of LAMOST. Our
results show the potential of LAMOST in probing for the cosmological
parameters, especially in constraining the equation-of-state (EoS) of the dark
energy and the neutrino mass.Comment: 7 pages and 3 figures. Replaced with version accepted for publication
in JCA
Generating an entangled coherent state of two cavity modes in a three-level \Lambda - type atomic system
In this paper, we present a scheme to generate an entangled coherent state by
considering a three-level \Lambda - type atom interacting with a two-mode
cavity driven by classical fields. The two-mode entangled coherent state can be
obtained under large detuning conditions. Considering the cavity decay, an
analytical solution is deduced.Comment: 3 figure
Probing Dynamics of Dark Energy with Supernova, Galaxy Clustering and the Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations
Using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method we perform a global analysis
constraining the dynamics of dark energy in light of the supernova (Riess
"Gold" samples), galaxy clustering (SDSS 3D power spectra and SDSS lyman-\alpha
forest information) and the latest three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy
Probe (WMAP) observations. We have allowed the dark energy equation of state to
get across -1 and pay particular attention to the effects when incorrectly
neglecting dark energy perturbations. We find the parameter space of dynamical
dark energy is now well constrained and neglecting dark energy perturbations
will make the parameter space significantly smaller. Dynamical dark energy
model where the equation of state crosses -1 is mildly favored and the standard
\LambdaCDM model is still a good fit to the current data.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures Revtex
Probing Inflation and Dark Energy with Current Cosmological Observations
It is commonly believed that our Universe has experienced two different
stages of accelerated expansion. The early stage is known as inflation and the
current acceleration is driven by dark energy. Observing inflation and dark
energy dynamics are among the most important aspects of the current
cosmological research. In this paper we make a first detailed probe of possible
degeneracies between dynamical inflation and dark energy in light of current
cosmological observations. We find the inclusion of inflation and dark energy
parameters together make the parameter spaces broader, but interestingly
deviation from scale-invariant primordial spectrum is sightly more favored by
current cosmological observations when one marginalizes over dynamical dark
energy models.Comment: 7 pages, 4 eps figures Revtex
Spin-Rotation Symmetry Breaking in the Superconducting State of CuxBi2Se3
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is an important concept for understanding
physics ranging from the elementary particles to states of matter. For example,
the superconducting state breaks global gauge symmetry, and unconventional
superconductors can break additional symmetries. In particular, spin rotational
symmetry is expected to be broken in spin-triplet superconductors. However,
experimental evidence for such symmetry breaking has not been conclusively
obtained so far in any candidate compounds. Here, by 77Se nuclear magnetic
resonance measurements, we show that spin rotation symmetry is spontaneously
broken in the hexagonal plane of the electron-doped topological insulator
Cu0.3Bi2Se3 below the superconducting transition temperature Tc=3.4 K. Our
results not only establish spin-triplet superconductivity in this compound, but
may also serve to lay a foundation for the research of topological
superconductivity
Scale dependence of the primordial spectrum from combining the three-year WMAP, Galaxy Clustering, Supernovae, and Lyman-alpha forests
We probe the scale dependence of the primordial spectrum in the light of the
three-year WMAP (WMAP3) alone and WMAP3 in combination with the other
cosmological observations such as galaxy clustering and Type Ia Supernova
(SNIa). We pay particular attention to the combination with the Lyman
(Ly) forest. Different from the first-year WMAP (WMAP1), WMAP3's
preference on the running of the scalar spectral index on the large scales is
now fairly independent of the low CMB multipoles . A combination with the
galaxy power spectrum from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) prefers a
negative running to larger than 2, regardless the presence of low
CMB () or not. On the other hand if we focus on the
Power Law CDM cosmology with only six parameters (matter density
, baryon density , Hubble Constant , optical
depth , the spectral index, , and the amplitude, , of the
scalar perturbation spectrum) when we drop the low CMB contributions
WMAP3 is consistent with the Harrison-Zel'dovich-Peebles scale-invariant
spectrum ( and no tensor contributions) at . When assuming
a simple power law primordial spectral index or a constant running, in case one
drops the low contributions () WMAP3 is consistent
with the other observations better, such as the inferred value of .
We also find, using a spectral shape with a minimal extension of the running
spectral index model, LUQAS CROFT Ly and SDSS Ly exhibit
somewhat different preference on the spectral shape.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures Revtex
The High Redshift Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect
In this paper we rely on the quasar (QSO) catalog of the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey Data Release Six (SDSS DR6) of about one million photometrically
selected QSOs to compute the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect at high
redshift, aiming at constraining the behavior of the expansion rate and thus
the behaviour of dark energy at those epochs. This unique sample significantly
extends previous catalogs to higher redshifts while retaining high efficiency
in the selection algorithm. We compute the auto-correlation function (ACF) of
QSO number density from which we extract the bias and the stellar
contamination. We then calculate the cross-correlation function (CCF) between
QSO number density and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature
fluctuations in different subsamples: at high z>1.5 and low z<1.5 redshifts and
for two different choices of QSO in a conservative and in a more speculative
analysis. We find an overall evidence for a cross-correlation different from
zero at the 2.7\sigma level, while this evidence drops to 1.5\sigma at z>1.5.
We focus on the capabilities of the ISW to constrain the behaviour of the dark
energy component at high redshift both in the \LambdaCDM and Early Dark Energy
cosmologies, when the dark energy is substantially unconstrained by
observations. At present, the inclusion of the ISW data results in a poor
improvement compared to the obtained constraints from other cosmological
datasets. We study the capabilities of future high-redshift QSO survey and find
that the ISW signal can improve the constraints on the most important
cosmological parameters derived from Planck CMB data, including the high
redshift dark energy abundance, by a factor \sim 1.5.Comment: 20 pages, 18 figures, and 7 table
Cross-correlating the \u3b3-ray Sky with Catalogs of Galaxy Clusters
We report the detection of a cross-correlation signal between {\it Fermi} Large Area Telescope diffuse gamma-ray maps and catalogs of clusters. In our analysis, we considered three different catalogs: WHL12, redMaPPer and PlanckSZ. They all show a positive correlation with different amplitudes, related to the average mass of the objects in each catalog, which also sets the catalog bias. The signal detection is confirmed by the results of a stacking analysis. The cross-correlation signal extends to rather large angular scales, around 1 degree, that correspond, at the typical redshift of the clusters in these catalogs, to a few to tens of Mpc, i.e. the typical scale-length of the large scale structures in the Universe. Most likely this signal is contributed by the cumulative emission from AGNs associated to the filamentary structures that converge toward the high peaks of the matter density field in which galaxy clusters reside. In addition, our analysis reveals the presence of a second component, more compact in size and compatible with a point-like emission from within individual clusters. At present, we cannot distinguish between the two most likely interpretations for such a signal, i.e. whether it is produced by AGNs inside clusters or if it is a diffuse gamma-ray emission from the intra-cluster medium. We argue that this latter, intriguing, hypothesis might be tested by applying this technique to a low redshift large mass cluster sample
Evaluation of machine-learning methods for ligand-based virtual screening
Machine-learning methods can be used for virtual screening by analysing the structural characteristics of molecules of known (in)activity, and we here discuss the use of kernel discrimination and naive Bayesian classifier (NBC) methods for this purpose. We report a kernel method that allows the processing of molecules represented by binary, integer and real-valued descriptors, and show that it is little different in screening performance from a previously described kernel that had been developed specifically for the analysis of binary fingerprint representations of molecular structure. We then evaluate the performance of an NBC when the training-set contains only a very few active molecules. In such cases, a simpler approach based on group fusion would appear to provide superior screening performance, especially when structurally heterogeneous datasets are to be processed
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