The current role and place of education in the process of political development in Iran: Case study of objectives, programs and textbooks of secondary school in the first academic year 2020-21

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the current role of education system in helping the process of political development. The research method is descriptive and quantitative content analysis with practical approach. The research population includes textbooks in the field of educating and learning humanities as well as special objectives and programs of secondary school in the first academic year of 2020-2021. Due to the nature of the research and limitation of the statistical population, the entire research population is considered as a sample. The measurement tool was a researcher-made content analysis checklist and the research results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics indicators through SPSS software. In a summary and based on frequencies obtained from this research and data analysis, it can be concluded that: the textbooks in the field of educating and learning humanities and the goal and special curricula in terms of creating and cultivating the examined concepts and components for political development to students have been inappropriate and very weak and therefore it can be said that they do not provide the necessary ground for the political development of students. Also, studies showed that even with this minimal attention, a logical trend was not followed while distributing the components. This means that the authors of these textbooks and policymakers have not paid special or targeted attention to the issue of political development whether in terms of conceptualization or in terms of knowing the components mentioned in this study

Legal Protection of the Environment in Armed Conflicts with Emphasis on the Second Gulf war

ABSTRACT The international community has passed terrible ordeals in the course of wars and, due to the stability of environmental damages of war, the protection of the environment has proved to be of high necessity for the international community. As a geopolitically important maritime region, the Persian Gulf, due to massive energy resources, is no exception to this trend and is under the supervision of the international law of armed conflicts. Today, since the necessity of environmental protection in times of armed conflicts has had marked effects on promoting the status of the wartime environmental protection, its norms can be viewed as customary international law and jus cogens with erga omnes effects. Considering environmental concerns in times of war and peace is thus accounted to be an international requirement, particularly for the belligerent parties in armed conflicts. Accordingly, regarding the strategic status of the Persian Gulf and the previous experiences of two wars in the region, the Second Gulf War (1990War ( -1991 and its environmental effects in particular, and by evaluating the existing regulations in the course of the Second War, the present study attempts to reach a new legal approach according to which, in case of the outbreak of another war in the region or in any spot in the world, environmental damages caused by armed conflicts be kept to a minimum

The historical genesis of the Islamic Revolution

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D95670 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo