AN EFFICIENT AND FAST BRAIN CT IMAGE CLASSIFICATION USING HYBRID TECHNIQUE

ABSTRACT Nowadays, brain tumor is a standout amongst the most hazardous maladies happening regularly among people. The shots of survival can be expanded if the tumor is located accurately at its initial stage. A CT brain imaging technique is extensively used to conceptualize the perusal and structure of the brain. The images created by CT are high in tissue variance and have fewer artifacts. It has a few points of interest over other imaging procedures, giving high differentiation between delicate tissues. Nonetheless, the measure of information is a great deal excessively for manual examination, which has been one of the greatest deterrents in the compelling utilization of CT image. The recognition and forecast of tumor obliges a few courses of action on CT image which incorporates image preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection and classification. The concluding classification process using hybrid technique concludes that a status of CT image like normal, begnin, moderate or malignant. Finally, we shown experimentally our proposed framework is very effective and efficient prediction of tumor disease rather than other frameworks

Primary Hepatic Leiomyosarcoma Report of a rare case with review of literature

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor with a dismal prognosis and difficulty in diagnosis. We present a 36-year-old female who presented with complaints of pain in right hypochondrium and epigastric region. Real-time ultrasonography revealed an enlarged liver with multiple hypoechoic lesions of varying sizes in both the lobes of the liver. USG guided core biopsy from the lesion showed an infiltrating malignant spindle cell neoplasm positive for smooth muscle actin and caldesmon-H confirming the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. It is vital to diagnose these lesions even on limited biopsies as early diagnosis can reduce hospital and operative morbidity and mortality rates in the patients

Antimicrobial Microwebs of DNA–Histone Inspired from Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are decondensed chromatin networks released by neutrophils that can trap and kill pathogens but can also paradoxically promote biofilms. The mechanism of NET functions remains ambiguous, at least in part, due to their complex and variable compositions. To unravel the antimicrobial performance of NETs, a minimalistic NET‐like synthetic structure, termed “microwebs,” is produced by the sonochemical complexation of DNA and histone. The prepared microwebs have structural similarity to NETs at the nanometer to micrometer dimensions but with well‐defined molecular compositions. Microwebs prepared with different DNA to histone ratios show that microwebs trap pathogenic Escherichia coli in a manner similar to NETs when the zeta potential of the microwebs is positive. The DNA nanofiber networks and the bactericidal histone constituting the microwebs inhibit the growth of E. coli. Moreover, microwebs work synergistically with colistin sulfate, a common and a last‐resort antibiotic, by targeting the cell envelope of pathogenic bacteria. The synthesis of microwebs enables mechanistic studies not possible with NETs, and it opens new possibilities for constructing biomimetic bacterial microenvironments to better understand and predict physiological pathogen responses.Microwebs with bacteria trapping and killing functions are designed to mimic neutrophil extracellular traps—an immune defense weapon to fight against invading pathogens. The composition–structure–function relationship of the synthetic structure is discussed, and the collaborative action between microwebs and antibiotics allows better elimination of pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149216/1/adma201807436-sup-0001-S1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149216/2/adma201807436_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149216/3/adma201807436.pd

Increased Adhesive Potential of Antiphospholipid Syndrome Neutrophils Mediated by β2 Integrin Macâ 1

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153125/1/art41057.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153125/2/art41057_am.pd

In Vivo Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Antiphospholipid Antibody–Mediated Venous Thrombosis

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136296/1/art39938_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136296/2/art39938.pd

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19

In severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), viral pneumonia progresses to respiratory failure. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular webs of chromatin, microbicidal proteins, and oxidant enzymes that are released by neutrophils to contain infections. However, when not properly regulated, NETs have potential to propagate inflammation and microvascular thrombosis - including in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. While elevated levels of blood neutrophils predict worse outcomes in COVID-19, the role of NETs has not been investigated. We now report that sera from patients with COVID-19 (n = 50 patients, n = 84 samples) have elevated levels of cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase(MPO)-DNA, and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3); the latter two are highly specific markers of NETs. Highlighting the potential clinical relevance of these findings, cell-free DNA strongly correlated with acute phase reactants including C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as absolute neutrophil count. MPO-DNA associated with both cell-free DNA and absolute neutrophil count, while Cit-H3 correlated with platelet levels. Importantly, both cell-free DNA and MPO-DNA were higher in hospitalized patients receiving mechanical ventilation as compared with hospitalized patients breathing room air. Finally, sera from individuals with COVID-19 triggered NET release from control neutrophils in vitro. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. Future studies should investigate the predictive power of circulating NETs in longitudinal cohorts, and determine the extent to which NETs may be novel therapeutic targets in severe COVID-19

Anti–Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Antibodies in Antiphospholipid Antibody–Positive Patients: Results From the Antiphospholipid Syndrome Alliance for Clinical Trials and InternatiOnal Networking Clinical Database and Repository

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the presence, antigen specificities, and potential clinical associations of anti–neutrophil extracellular trap (anti-NET) antibodies in a multinational cohort of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody–positive patients who did not have lupus. METHODS: Anti-NET IgG/IgM levels were measured in serum samples from 389 aPL-positive patients; 308 patients met the classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome. Multivariate logistic regression with best variable model selection was used to determine clinical associations. For a subset of the patients (n = 214), we profiled autoantibodies using an autoantigen microarray platform. RESULTS: We found elevated levels of anti-NET IgG and/or IgM in 45% of the aPL-positive patients. High anti-NET antibody levels are associated with more circulating myeloperoxidase (MPO)–DNA complexes, which are a biomarker of NETs. When considering clinical manifestations, positive anti-NET IgG was associated with lesions affecting the white matter of the brain, even after adjusting for demographic variables and aPL profiles. Anti-NET IgM tracked with complement consumption after controlling for aPL profiles; furthermore, patient serum samples containing high levels of anti-NET IgM efficiently deposited complement C3d on NETs. As determined by autoantigen microarray, positive testing for anti-NET IgG was significantly associated with several autoantibodies, including those recognizing citrullinated histones, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, laminin, MPO–DNA complexes, and nucleosomes. Anti-NET IgM positivity was associated with autoantibodies targeting single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. CONCLUSION: These data reveal high levels of anti-NET antibodies in 45% of aPL-positive patients, where they potentially activate the complement cascade. While anti-NET IgM may especially recognize DNA in NETs, anti-NET IgG species appear to be more likely to target NET-associated protein antigens

Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome: Syndrome of Mullerian agenesis – A report of two cases

The Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome (MRKH syndrome), simply called Rokitansky syndrome or vaginal aplasia of the uterus, is a congenital condition that is characterized by the absence of the uterus and vagina, but ovaries are present and the external genitalia are normal. It affects at least 1 out of 4500 women. MRKH may be isolated (Type I), but it is more frequently associated with renal, vertebral, and to a lesser extent, auditory and cardiac defects (MRKH Type II or Mullerian duct aplasia, Renal dysplasia, and Cervical Somite anomalies association - mullerian duct aplasia, renal dysplasia, and cervical somite anomalies). There were very few cases of MRKH syndrome reported in the literature. Here, we report two cases of MRKH syndrome, one in a 20-year-old woman who presented with primary amenorrhea (MRKH Type I) and the other in a 65-year-old woman with primary amenorrhea and associated renal malformations and a rare ovarian sertoliform variant of endometrioid tumor (MRKH Type II)

Visualization of Nuclease- and Serum-Mediated Chromatin Degradation with DNA–Histone Mesostructures

This study analyzed the nuclease- and serum-driven degradation of millimeter-scale, circular DNA–histone mesostructures (DHMs). DHMs are bioengineered chromatin meshes of defined DNA and histone compositions designed as minimal mimetics of physiological extracellular chromatin structures, such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Taking advantage of the defined circular shape of the DHMs, an automated time-lapse imaging and image analysis method was developed and used to track DHM degradation and shape changes over time. DHMs were degraded well by 10 U/mL concentrations of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) but not by the same level of micrococcal nuclease (MNase), whereas NETs were degraded well by both nucleases. These comparative observations suggest that DHMs have a less accessible chromatin structure compared to NETs. DHMs were degraded by normal human serum, although at a slower rate than NETs. Interestingly, time-lapse images of DHMs revealed qualitative differences in the serum-mediated degradation process compared to that mediated by DNase I. Importantly, despite their reduced susceptibility to degradation and compositional simplicity, the DHMs mimicked NETs in being degraded to a greater extent by normal donor serum compared to serum from a lupus patient with high disease activity. These methods and insights are envisioned to guide the future development and expanded use of DHMs, beyond the previously reported antibacterial and immunostimulatory analyses, to extracellular chromatin-related pathophysiological and diagnostic studies