40 research outputs found

    Revisiting the 'Cotton Problem': A Comparative Analysis of Cotton Reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa

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    The cotton sector has been amongst the most regulated in Africa, and still is to a large extent in West and Central Africa (WCA), despite repeated refirm recommendations by international donors. On the other hand, orthodox refirms in East and Southern Africa (ESA) have not always yielded the expected results. This paper uses a stylised contracting model to investigate the link between market structure and equity and efficiency in sub-Saharan cotton sectors; explain the outcomes of refirms in ESA; and analyze the potential consequences of orthodox refirms in WCA. We argue that the level of the world price and of government intervention, the nature of pre-refirm institutional organisation, as well as the degree of parastatal inefficiency, all contribute to making refirms less attractive to firmers and governments in WCA today, as compared to ESA in the 1990s.We illustrate our arguments with empirical observations on the perfirmance of cotton sectors across sub-Saharan Africa

    Use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in stable outpatients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. International CLARIFY registry

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    Contamination of poultry flocks by the human pathogen Campylobacter spp. and strategies to reduce its prevalence at the farm level

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    Enteric Campylobacter spp. bacteria are human pathogens that frequently contaminate poultry flocks. Consumption of products from poultry origin may then lead to acute bacterial enteritis called campylobacteriosis of which prevalence is increasing for about ten years in Europe. This review summarizes Campylobacter epidemiological data, risk factors for contamination in poultry flocks and conceivable strategies to control this pathogen. Keywords. Campylobacter, epidemiology, poultry, prevalence reduction, prevention. Contamination des élevages de volailles par l'agent pathogène humain Campylobacter spp. et les stratégies pour réduire sa prévalence au niveau des élevages. Campylobacter spp. est une bactérie entérique pathogène pour l'homme qui contamine fréquemment les élevages de volailles. La consommation de produits d'origine aviaire peut ainsi entraîner une gastro-entérite bactérienne aiguë appelée campylobactériose, dont la prévalence augmente depuis une dizaine d'années en Europe. Cette synthèse bibliographique résume les données épidémiologiques sur Campylobacter, les facteurs de risque de contamination dans les élevages de volailles et les stratégies envisagées pour lutter contre ce pathogène. Mots-clés. Campylobacter, épidémiologie, volaille, réduction de la prévalence, prévention

    Selection of bacteria to decrease in vitro growth of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli and characterization of their antagonistic activities

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    Sélection d’un complexe enzymo-bactérien antagoniste de Campylobacter ssp. pour l’élevage, sur parcours extérieur, de poulets de chai
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