The Development and Validation of a System for the Knowledge-Based Tutoring of Special Education Rules and Regulations

Research indicates that school officials fail to identify a relatively high proportion of school-aged children with behavioral or emotional handicaps. As a result, these children may not be receiving the special education services to which they are entitled. Multidisciplinary team members may be failing to identify these children because they lack understanding of special education rules and regulations. The purpose of this project was to combine the technologies of expert systems and mastery-based instruction to develop an inservice and preservice training program capable of producing mastery-level performance of the skills required to identify children with behavioral or emotional handicaps. Borg and Gall\u27s ( 983) research and development cycle provided the model for developing, testing, and revising the program. Prototype evaluations and large-scale field tests revealed that the program met its performance and user satisfaction objectives when administered under conditions of independent administration. However, a failure on the use and part of remote remote administrators to comply with prescribed program administration procedures allowed an unacceptable number of subjects to end training without completing all computer exercises. Attention to administration procedures contributed to the success of the project in meeting its performance and user satisfaction objectives in the final operational field test. The positive findings of the project have implications on two levels. First, the findings are important for the positive effect they may have on the lives of children. Decision-making errors on the part of multidisciplinary team members can be costly to children with behavioral or emotional handicaps, as well as to other children. The evidence obtained in this project suggests that multidisciplinary team members can be trained to accurately identify children with behavioral or emotional handicaps. On another, and perhaps more important, level, the findings have implications for the design of effective inservice and preservice training programs. The application of innovative technologies to inservice and preservice training problems does not necessarily result in the development of products capable of producing mastery-level decision-making performance. The positive results achieved in the present project suggest that those seeking to apply innovative technologies to inservice and preservice training problems take into account basic instructional design principles

A Community of Procedure Scholars: Teaching Procedure and the Legal Academy

This article asks whether the way in which procedure is taught has an impact on the extent and accomplishments of a scholarly community of proceduralists. Not surprisingly, we find a strong correlation between the placement of procedure as a required course in an academic context and the resulting body of scholars and scholarship. Those countries in which more civil procedure is taught as part of a university degree—and in which procedure is recognized as a legitimate academic subject—have larger scholarly communities, a larger and broader corpus of works analyzing procedural issues, and a richer web of institutional support systems that inspire, fund, and shape the study of public justice

Entropic force in black hole binaries and its Newtonian limits

We give an exact solution for the static force between two black holes at the turning points in their binary motion. The results are derived by Gibbs' principle and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy applied to the apparent horizon surfaces in time-symmetric initial data. New power laws are derived for the entropy jump in mergers, while Newton's law is shown to derive from a new adiabatic variational principle for the Hilbert action in the presence of apparent horizon surfaces. In this approach, entropy is strictly monotonic such that gravity is attractive for all separations including mergers, and the Bekenstein entropy bound is satisfied also at arbitrarily large separations, where gravity reduces to Newton's law. The latter is generalized to point particles in the Newtonian limit by application of Gibbs' principle to world-lines crossing light cones.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

A Community of Procedure Scholars: Teaching Procedure and the Legal Academy

This article asks whether the way in which procedure is taught has an impact on the extent and accomplishments of a scholarly community of proceduralists. Not surprisingly, we find a strong correlation between the placement of procedure as a required course in an academic context and the resulting body of scholars and scholarship. Those countries in which more civil procedure is taught as part of a university degree—and in which procedure is recognized as a legitimate academic subject—have larger scholarly communities, a larger and broader corpus of works analyzing procedural issues, and a richer web of institutional support systems that inspire, fund, and shape the study of public justice

A Community of Procedure Scholars: Teaching Procedure and the Legal Academy

This article asks whether the way in which procedure is taught has an impact on the extent and accomplishments of a scholarly community of proceduralists. Not surprisingly, we find a strong correlation between the placement of procedure as a required course in an academic context and the resulting body of scholars and scholarship. Those countries in which more civil procedure is taught as part of a university degree — and in which procedure is recognized as a legitimate academic subject — have larger scholarly communities, a larger and broader corpus of works analyzing procedural issues, and a richer web of institutional support systems that inspire, fund, and shape the study of public justice

Generic Tracking of Multiple Apparent Horizons with Level Flow

We report the development of the first apparent horizon locator capable of finding multiple apparent horizons in a ``generic'' numerical black hole spacetime. We use a level-flow method which, starting from a single arbitrary initial trial surface, can undergo topology changes as it flows towards disjoint apparent horizons if they are present. The level flow method has two advantages: 1) The solution is independent of changes in the initial guess and 2) The solution can have multiple components. We illustrate our method of locating apparent horizons by tracking horizon components in a short Kerr-Schild binary black hole grazing collision.Comment: 13 pages including figures, submitted to Phys Rev

Impact of densitized lapse slicings on evolutions of a wobbling black hole

We present long-term stable and second-order convergent evolutions of an excised wobbling black hole. Our results clearly demonstrate that the use of a densitized lapse function extends the lifetime of simulations dramatically. We also show the improvement in the stability of single static black holes when an algebraic densitized lapse condition is applied. In addition, we introduce a computationally inexpensive approach for tracking the location of the singularity suitable for mildly distorted black holes. The method is based on investigating the fall-off behavior and asymmetry of appropriate grid variables. This simple tracking method allows one to adjust the location of the excision region to follow the coordinate motion of the singularity.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure