A mobility case uncovered: a mixed-method study using autoethnography on the power of context upon learning behaviour

OBJECTIVE Learning behaviours (LBs) are the cornerstone of research in medical education, and are influenced by student characteristics and contextual factors. We wanted to know how students react to changes in the academic context. We explored if and how a student participating in a one-year exchange programme adapted his LBs to the new academic context and back again upon returning to his home-university. METHOD Our study took place at the medical schools (MSs) of Lausanne University (Switzerland; home-university) and Galway University (Ireland; host-university). A mixed-method design with quantitative (survey) and qualitative components (analytic autoethnography (AA)) was employed. Review of official documents allowed characterisation of both academic contexts. Surveys permitted description of the learning practices of students at each site. A Swiss student doing an exchange year underwent AA. Analyses of his field notes allowed understanding evolution of LBs during and after the exchange. RESULTS The two MSs offered contrasting curricula. Surveys showed divergent results in learning activities. Students at the home-university favoured lecture slides, whereas students at the host- university worked on a wider range of resources (books, online resources, lecture slides). AA showed how our student adapted his LBs to his new academic environments. CONCLUSION Adaptation unfolded in three phases and re-adaptation in two phases. LB adjustments were driven by five contextual factors: schedule load, teaching methods, curriculum goals, assessment strategy, and communication with teachers and local students. The radical change in LBs of our student showed the powerful influence of clinical and academic contexts in comparison with the effects of student factors

Individuation : experience in search of theory

This study arose from the experience of difficulties in individuating incorporating tensions in the self-group, self-other, and self-self relational dimensions. This situation initiated the questions: What does individuation mean in collectivist cultures? Can selfexpression occur in a different way to opposing public opinion? Can one conceptualise experiential dialectics to facilitate their resolution in practice? The literature initiated the questions: How do Western theories on individuation incorporate 'culture'? Does a relationship between the socio-cultural context and the process of self-expression exist? Conclusions were: - that the socio-cultural context influences this experience directly by influencing the process of self-expression via defining what is experienced as narcissistic, altruistic, or individualistic behaviour, and indirectly by the theories which reflect its norms; - that the relationship between experience, and theory and personal epistemologies potentially initiate tensions, and facilitate their resolution; - that a theory of individuation in collectivist cultures is lacking. A way of interpreting 'individuation' was discussed.PsychologyM.A. (Psychology

Bioactividad de los extractos y aislamiento de los lignanos de las semillas de Centaurea dealbata

Centaurea dealbata Willd. (Family: Asteraceae) belongs to the big genus Centaurea that comprises ca. 500 species. Then-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of the seeds of C. dealbata have been assessed forantioxidant activity and general toxicity using, respectively, the DPPH assay, and the brine shrimp lethality assay. Boththe DCM and the MeOH extract showed signifi cant levels of antioxidant activities with an RC50 value 6.8 x 10-2 and4.7 x 10-2 mg/mL, respectively. None of the extracts exhibited any signifi cant general toxicity (LD50 = >1000 mg/mL).Three major bioactive components of the MeOH extract were found to be the lignans, arctigenin, arctiin and matairesinoside.The structures of these lignans were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and also by directcomparison with the respective published data. This is the fi rst report on the occurrence of arctiin and matairesionl inC. dealbata. The distribution of these lignans within the genus Centaurea has also been presented.La Centaurea dealbata Willd. (familia: Asteraceae) pertenece al género Centaurea, que comprende unas 500 especies.Para evaluar la actividad antioxidante y la toxicidad general de los extractos de n-hexano, diclorometano (DCM)y metanol (MeOH) de las semillas de C. dealbata se han utilizado, respectivamente, el ensayo DPPH y el ensayo deletalidad de gambas en salmuera. Tanto el extracto de DCM como el de MeOH presentaron niveles signifi cativosde actividad antioxidante, con valores de RC50 de 6,8 x 10-2 y 4,7 x 10-2 mg/mL, respectivamente. Ninguno de losextractos presentó una toxicidad general signifi cativa (LD50 = >1000 mg/mL). Se observó que los tres principalescomponentes bioactivos del extracto de MeOH fueron los lignanos arctigenina, arctiina y matairesinosida. Lasestructuras de estos lignanos se dilucidaron mediante análisis espectroscópicos exhaustivos y comparación directacon los datos respectivos publicados. Éste es el primer informe sobre la ocurrencia de arctiina y matairesinol en C.dealbata. También se presenta la distribución de estos lignanos dentro del género Centaurea

Students' satisfaction using e-learning as a supplementary tool

E-learning is useful to help students gaining digital and data literacy during their studies particularly in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0). E-learning which is characterized by time and place flexibility should be utilized as a tool for self-learning. In Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), elearning plays an important role as a supplementary tool for effective web-based learning. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the factors that drive students' satisfaction in e-learning. A total of 194 samples were collected from undergraduate students in UTM using quantitative method. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized for data analysis. The findings showed that delivery method and content have a positive and significant relationship with satisfaction of using e-learning. However, system operations has no impact on students' satisfaction in e-learning. In conclusion, the finding of this study is expected to provide an effective teaching model for general education schools

Caspase-independence and characterization of bisnaphthalimidopropyl spermidine induced cytotoxicity in HL60 cells

The authors wish to thank Viv Buchan of the Rowett Institute Analytical Division for polyamine analysis and gratefully acknowledges the Robert Gordon University (PKTL, LC, CSB, SJD), The Scottish Government (Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services [RESAS] Division; CSB, SJD, LM) and the Royal Society of Chemistry (PKTL) for financial support.Peer reviewedPostprin

Fingolimod: therapeutic mechanisms and ocular adverse effects.

Fingolimod is an oral immunomodulating drug used in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We aim to review the published literature on ocular manifestations of fingolimod therapy and their possible underlying mechanisms. The therapeutic effects of fingolimod are mediated via sphingosine receptors, which are found ubiquitously in various organs, including lymphoid cells, central nervous system, cardiac myocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Fingolimod-associated macular oedema (FAME) is the most common ocular side effect but retinal haemorrhages and retinal vein occlusion can occur. The visual consequences appear to be mild and, in cases of FAME, resolution is often attained with discontinuation of therapy. However, in cases of retinal vein occlusion, discontinuation of fingolimod alone may not be sufficient and intra-vitreal therapy may be required. We also propose a pragmatic service pathway for monitoring patients on fingolimod therapy, which includes stratifying them by risk and visual acuity

Machinability study of carbon/PEEK composites

Machining Science and Technology3149-59MSTE

Energy efficiency status of the community housing in Australia

Community housing in Australia provides a range of rental options to low-to-moderate income tenants ranging from short-term crisis accommodation to long-term housing. Most community housing providers rely on rental income as their major source of recurrent funding and the rents are often set to a low percentage of the tenants' income. Therefore, these not-for-profit organizations have to operate within very stringent budgets. Tenants in community housing may also have special needs. Their energy consumption are relatively high, as they spend long hours in their homes. They are therefore particularly vulnerable to increasing energy prices, and in need of the most assistance in reducing these living costs. This paper researches the status of energy use and the needs of the community housing to reduce the energy and water consumption. There appear to be ample opportunities for water and energy efficiency improvement in community housing, e.g. insulation, more energy efficient hot water systems, etc. However, the organizations lack of time, knowledge, fund and expertise to improve energy efficiency makes it hard and thus create a room for the Government to take initiates to reduce carbon from this sector

A review of supply chain collaboration practices for small and medium-sized manufacturers

For the decades, organizations have endeavored to look for external sources for opportunities to achieve efficient and responsive supply chain with their partners especially for small and medium manufacturers (SMM). In this scenario, supply chain collaboration (SCC) is an interaction between supply chain members with the purpose of utilizes the knowledge and resources of customers and suppliers, and integrates the flows of products and information in order to achieve a common goal and obtain mutual benefit. The essential SCC dimensions for SMMs comprised of information sharing, joint knowledge creation, joint decision making, goal congruence and incentive sharing. The successful implementation of SCC can give SMMs an edge over their competitors. This paper aims to introduce a review of SCC practices for SMM. Overall, the findings provide managerial insights for the SMM in SCC implementation owing to resource scarcity and the need to draw SCC in order to ensure a sustainable competitive advantage