Transport properties of polydisperse hard sphere fluid: Effect of distribution shape and mass scaling

A model polydisperse fluid represents many real fluids such as colloidal suspensions and polymer solutions. In this study, considering a concentrated size-polydisperse hard sphere fluid with size derived from two different distribution functions, namely, uniform and Gaussian and explore the effect of polydispersity and mass scaling on the transport properties in general. A simple analytical solution based on the Boltzmann transport equation is also presented (together with the solution using Chapman-Enskog (CE) method) using which various transport coefficients are obtained. The central idea of our approach is the realization that, in polydisperse system, the collision scattering cross section is proportional to a random variable \textit{z} which is equal to the sum of two random variables $\sigma_i$ and $\sigma_j$ (representing particle diameters), and the distribution of \textit{z} can be written as the convolution of the two distributions $P(\sigma_i)$ and $P(\sigma_j)$. The obtained transport coefficients are expressed as explicit function of polydispersity index, $\delta$, and their dependence on the nature of particle size distribution is explored. It is observed that in the low polydispersity limit, the transport coefficients are found to be insensitive to the type of size distribution functions considered. The analytical results (for diffusion coefficients and thermal conductivity) obtained using Chapman-Enskog method and our simple analytical approach agrees well with the simulation. However, for shear viscosity, our analyical approach agress for $\delta \le 20\%$, while it agrees upto $\delta \approx 40\%$ with the result obtained using CE-method (in the limit $\delta \rightarrow 0$). Interestingly, the effect of scaling mass (i.e., mass proportional to the particle size and thus a random variable) produces no significant qualitative difference.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Granulometric Analysis of the Exotic Sandstones in and around Moreh and Chandel, Chandel District, Manipur

Chaotic assemblage of conglomerate, gritstone, sandstone, shale, limestone, chert and ophiolitic derivatives occurs along the western contact of Nagaland-Manipur ophiolite belt in N-S to NNE-SSW trending direction. This assemblage is known as sedimentary melange and extends for about 200 km from north-east of Chokla in Nagaland to the south of Moreh in Manipur. Sandstones being the dominant litho-unit among the sedimentary mélange have been selected for the present study. These sandstones occur as floating bodies intermingling with both Disangs and ophiolite, hence the term exotic sandstone is used. Analysis of grain size data of these exotic sandstones in and around Moreh and Chandel, Chandel district reveals that all the samples show unimodal distribution. Cumulative curves suggest saltation and suspension are the major mode of transportation of these sediments. Mean values ranging from 1.40 ? to 3.29 ? suggest medium to very fine sand size. Standard deviation values (0.20 to 1.10) suggest that these sediments are very well sorted to moderately sorted and indicate fluctuating energy conditions during the time of deposition. The values of skewness range from -0.88 to 0.19 and 76.31% of the samples are negatively skewed, indicating high energy condition during the time of deposition of the sediments. Bivariate plots suggest that sediments were deposited both in fluvial and near shore environments. Discriminant function analysis reveals that exotic sandstones of the present study area were deposited under diverse condition

Erythema annulare centrifugum: a case report

Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by polycyclic lesion simulating urticarial papules that enlarge centrifugally with central clearing and trailing scales. .  It is classified as a reactive erythema and has been associated with various underlying conditions, including malignancies. Diagnosis is established on history, clinical features, and supporting examination. No treatment seems to be effective for this disease and there is still a lack of consensus regarding the best approach. Current choices are focused on treating the underlying subjective complaints. We reported a case of erythema annulare centrifugum in a 49 year old female patient

A CRITICAL INSIGHT INTO SHIKIMATE KINASE PATHWAY

Objective: Tuberculosis is the most infectious disease that appears to be dreadful even in the presence of anti tubercular drugs. The problem of MDR-TB is growing at an alarming rate and the prevalence of the disease cause devastation to the molecular level. We hereby carry out a review of shikimate pathway used for tuberculosis management. Based on the available evidence on its vital roles, we highlight ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country's healthcare system. Methods: Information was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 20115 for publications on shikimate pathways and their therapeutic targets for Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Results: Numerous factors have been reported to be the causative agent in the progression of the disease. Apart from this, a number of transcription factors is also been involved in the down regulation of the modulatory pathology. The emergence of MDR-TB washes out the treatment and control of Tuberculosis at an extremely difficult stage. Epidemilogical data revels that Tuberculosis kill approx. 3 million people in a year. Shikimate Kinase and other agents can be involved therapeutic target and evaluation of new pathways. Emphasis need to be urgently given for the diagnosis and treatment of the TB in the society effectively. Conclusion: This review, therefore, provides a useful resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of Shikimate Kinase Pathway used in MDR-TB management so as to ensure a more rational use. Shikimate Kinase is one of the main enzymes involved in Shikimate pathway that has emerged as a vital target in many of the morbidity

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