Evidence-Based Resources for Public Health Project

Introduction Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) for clinical medicine involves using the best evidence to care for individual patients. Evidence-based public health (EBPH) involves using the best evidence to develop public health policies and intervention programs. There are various EBM resources available to help clinicians sort through the vast amount of medical literature to find the best evidence for their practice needs, yet few resources are available to assist public health practitioners find high quality information relevant to their practice needs. Purpose This project is identifying and cataloging existing electronic evidence-based resources in public health and assessing possible models for effectively and efficiently delivering current, evidence-based practices identified in the journal literature to public health practitioners. This resource will assist federal, state and local health department personnel in identifying evidence-based practices. Links to existing resources are being organized for easy access and searching on a website. Methodology To inform the processes of identifying resources we first developed a working definition of the field of public health. We examined public health associations, government health agencies, national health objectives, and other public health sources to identify the knowledge domains of public health (e.g. epidemiology, maternal and child health). We then sought to identify journals, databases, and other resources containing content relevant to these domains and subdomains. To guide the process of selecting journals we used sources from the CDC Information Center, the Healthy People 2010 Information Access Project, MLA’s Core Public Health Journals Project, and ISI’s Journal Citation Reports. The selected journals were matched with the identified public health knowledge domains and subdomains. We then systematically identified existing public health and clinical medical models for organizing, summarizing, synthesizing, and disseminating evidence-based knowledge in the public health and medical fields. These ranged from electronic journal search services to comprehensive knowledge bases that select, summarize and critique health literature in specific domains. Results Results to date include a project website (http://library.umassmed.edu/ebpph); lists of public health journals and bibliographic databases; a chart of public health sources used to identify 17 knowledge domains, and 143 subdomains of public health; a table of public health journals matched with each knowledge domain and subdomain; and an annotated listing of medical and public health models of literature summarization, synthesis and dissemination. Discussion/Conclusion We believe that our methodology for identifying domain-specific evidence-based resources was effective and efficient in accomplishing the project goal. Our methodology for identifying information resources related to a specific knowledge can be used to enhance collection development in a specific discipline. Many different sophisticated approaches are being used by government, non-profit and for-profit organizations in the United States to summarize, synthesize, organize and disseminate evidence-based health information, primarily to clinical medical practitioners. Study of the structure, content, and usability of these existing models may offer important lessons for developing new and improved models aimed at serving a similar purpose for public health practitioners. In the next year of the project we will be exploring through focus groups with public health practitioners the feasibility, usability and acceptability of several models for providing evidence-based information. Support The Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Project is funded through a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Information Center and the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine. Presented at the 2003 Medical Library Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA

Letter from S. Frederick Telleen, Bankers Club of America, New York City, New York, to A. H. Woodward, July 14, 1930

This item is from the Woodward Family Papers, an extensive collection, including business and personal correspondence, financial records, photographs, and other materials of this Birmingham, Alabama family which operated the Woodward Iron Company

Institutionalisation as a process of interplay between technology and its organisational context of use

This study contributes to the IS literature with a distinct explanation of the process of institutionalisation of technology in organisations. The research analyses the role of microlevel processes of interplay in embedding an intranet in the formal functioning of an organisation and in the habits and routines of its employees. The findings identify two types of processes of interplay underpinning this process of institutionalisation. The first operates at the level of constitutive expectations and refers to mutual changes to the governance, policy and control mechanisms which foster the perception that the intranet is part of the expected formal functioning of the organisation. The second operates at the level of background expectations and refers to mutual changes that make the intranet look more familiar, functional, easier to use, fostering its embedding in routines and habits of the employees. The study aims to motivate more research on institutionalisation as a bottom-up micro process of gradual development of institutionalised behaviour. Journal of Information Technology (2009) 24, 305-319. doi: 10.1057/jit.2009.15 Published online 29 September 200