Finite temperature quantum correlations in SU(2)cSU(2)_c quark states and quantum spin models

The entanglement at finite temperatures are analyzed by using thermal models for colored quarks making up the hadron physical states. We have found that these quantum correlations entirely vanish at $T_c\geq m_q/\ln(1.5)$. For temperatures larger than $T_c$ the correlations are classical. Also we worked out the entanglement for the transverse Ising spin chain. In dependence on both temperature $T$ and transverse field $\lambda$ we can identify a certain region, where the quantum effects are likely to dominate the system. We suggest the mutual information as a quantitative measure for the correlations in ground state.Comment: 15 pages, 10 eps-figure

Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Particle Ratios in Heavy-Ion Collisions

We study event-by-event dynamical fluctuations of various particle ratios at different energies. We assume that particle production in final state is due to chemical equilibrium processes. We compare results from resonance gas model with available experimental data. At SPS energies, the model can very well reproduce the experimentally measured fluctuations. We make predictions for dynamical fluctuations of strangeness and non-strangeness particle ratios. We found that the energy-dependence is non-monotonic. Furthermore, we found that fluctuations strongly depend on particle ratios.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure, 1 tabl

The influence of strange quarks on QCD phase diagram and chemical freeze-out: Results from the hadron resonance gas model

We confront the lattice results on QCD phase diagram for two and three flavors with the hadron resonance gas model. Taking into account the truncations in the Taylor-expansion of energy density $\epsilon$ done on the lattice at finite chemical potential $\mu$, we find that the hadron resonance gas model under the condition of constant $\epsilon$ describes very well the lattice phase diagram. We also calculate the chemical freeze-out curve according to the entropy density $s$. The $s$-values are taken from lattice QCD simulations with two and three flavors. We find that this condition is excellent in reproducing the experimentally estimated parameters of the chemical freeze-out.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures and 1 table Talk given at VIIIth international conference on ''Strangeness in Quark Matter'' (SQM 2004), Cape Town, South Africa, Sep. 15-20 200

Antibiotic resistance evolved via inactivation of a ribosomal RNA methylating enzyme.

Modifications of the bacterial ribosome regulate the function of the ribosome and modulate its susceptibility to antibiotics. By modifying a highly conserved adenosine A2503 in 23S rRNA, methylating enzyme Cfr confers resistance to a range of ribosome-targeting antibiotics. The same adenosine is also methylated by RlmN, an enzyme widely distributed among bacteria. While RlmN modifies C2, Cfr modifies the C8 position of A2503. Shared nucleotide substrate and phylogenetic relationship between RlmN and Cfr prompted us to investigate evolutionary origin of antibiotic resistance in this enzyme family. Using directed evolution of RlmN under antibiotic selection, we obtained RlmN variants that mediate low-level resistance. Surprisingly, these variants confer resistance not through the Cfr-like C8 methylation, but via inhibition of the endogenous RlmN C2 methylation of A2503. Detection of RlmN inactivating mutations in clinical resistance isolates suggests that the mechanism used by the in vitro evolved variants is also relevant in a clinical setting. Additionally, as indicated by a phylogenetic analysis, it appears that Cfr did not diverge from the RlmN family but from another distinct family of predicted radical SAM methylating enzymes whose function remains unknown

The Role and Breeds, Management Systems, Productivity and Development Strategies of Goats in Indonesia: A Review

Small ruminants like sheep and goats are important for a larger part of the Indonesian rural population. The major breeds of goats found in Indonesia are the Kacang and Etawah goats. The biological and economic function of goats have long been recognised. Besides producing animal products, they also provide manure to maintain soil fertility. Goats are kept as an important component of farming activities, particularly by smallholders. The existing goat husbandry is normally the result of hundreds of years of tradition. Different systems of goat production have evolved in response to factors such as climate, need of the owner, economic environment, and level of technology available. The general aim in the management of goat production units is to increase the productivity. The biological productivity of goats is determined by the fundamental processes of reproduction, growth and development and death. Key production traits which should be considered for improving goats’ productivity are adaptability and productivity conditions, reproductive rate, growth rate and carcass value. The objectives of this paper are to review the role and breeds of goats, current management systems and productivity for goats with particular reference to Indonesia, and to discuss the development strategies that may have specific applications in the Indonesian situation

Influencing Factors of Infestation of Endo and Ectoparasites on Hair Sheep in Tropical Ecuador

120 hair sheep were tested for faecal, skin and blood parasites. After three parasitological studies in humid Sucumbíos, it was proved that the parasitic charge is influenced by different factors. In the case of air temperature and humidity there was no variation detected between the seasons, although the parasitical charge rose in the course of this study. With regard to parasitic charge some systematic differences were found between the farming systems. Prophylactic measures such as rotational grazing, guarantee the food alternatives in the case of grass shortage, the strategic treatment with de-wormers and removal of excrement and garbage were recommended

Goats Husbandry for Extensive Use

Twenty-six crossbred dams of the F3 generation and twenty Cashmere dams were surveyed with regard to their productivity, hardiness and resilience. The endoparasite situation was recorded for both the dams and lambs of both breeding groups. Productivity data of both breeding groups included figures on reproduction and dressing percentage. Using a scoring key, the rate of claw growth of both breeding groups was recorded as a possibility of comparison

Productivity and Breeding Strategies of Sheep in Indonesia: A Review

There are two distinct types of sheep in Indonesia: thin-tailed and fat-tailed, with some strain differentiation within each. The most important sheep breeds of Indonesia are the Javanese Thin Tail (JTT) and Javanese Fat Tail (JFT) sheep of West and East Java, respectively. Included are strains of thin tailed sheep Sumatra Thin Tailed (STT), Semarang, Garut and the Priangan sheep. The government also introduced some temperate sheep breeds (such as: Merino, Suffolk, Dorset, Suffas, Dormer, St.Croix and Barbados Blackbelly sheep). The purposes of this paper are to review the potential of productivity for local sheep and their crosses with some imported sheep breeds. The concepts of breeding strategies for sheep in Indonesia are also discussed in three parts: (1) evaluation and improvement of local breeds (2) nucleus structure, and (3) gene migration (crossbreeding)