226 research outputs found

    TPR Investigation of bimetallic Ru-Cu samples supported on SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and MgO

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    Bimetallic Ru-Cu samples supported on SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and MgO were studied by the temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) technique. Experiments were carried out both on unreduced impregnated salts and after oxidation of already reduced samples. The TPR profiles reveal a simultaneous reduction of ruthenium and copper precursors, even though the Ru and Cu in the monometallic catalysts exhibit reduction peaks which differ by up to 150 Β°C. It is suggested that the two metal salts interact during the stages of preparation and drying, and after reduction form bimetallic aggregates which are not stable and tend to separate. The stability of the bimetallic particles was found to be strongly dependent on the support used, being higher on SiO 2 than on Al 2 O 3 and MgO. It is suggested that the chemical nature of the support determines the different degree of interaction and/or agglomeration of the bimetallic particles. Auf SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 und MgO aufgebrachte bimetallische Ru-Cu-Proben wurden mittels temperaturprogrammierter Reduktion (TPR) untersucht. Experimente wurden sowohl mit unreduzierten, durch Impregnation aufgebrachten Salzen als auch mit nach vorangegangener Reduktion reoxydierten Proben ausgefΓΌhrt. Die TPR-Profile lassen eine gleichzeitige Reduktion der Ruthenium- und Kupfervorstufen erkennen, obwohl Ru und Cu in monometallischen Katalysatoren Reduktionspeaks zeigen, die um bis zu 150 Β°C voneinander entfernt liegen. Es wird angenommen, daß die zwei Metallsalze wΓ€hrend des Darstellungs- und Trocknungsstadiums miteinander in Wechselwirkung treten und nach der Reduktion nicht stabile, zum Zerfall tendierende bimetallische Aggregate bilden. Die StabilitΓ€t der bimetallischen Partikel ist stark vom TrΓ€ger abhΓ€ngig, sie ist an SiO 2 hΓΆher als an Al 2 O 3 und MgO. Es wird angenommen, daß die chemische Natur des TrΓ€gers den Grad der Wechselwirkung und/oder Agglomeration der bimetallischen Partikel bestimmt. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ восстановлСния (Π’ΠŸΠ’) ΠΈ Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ бимСталличСскиС ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ Ρ€ΡƒΡ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ β€” мСдь Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΈΠ· двуокиси крСмния, ΠΎ киси алюминия ΠΈ окиси магния. ЭкспСр ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ с нСвосстановлСнными ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ солями, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ с вновь ΠΎΠΊ ислСнными Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ восстановлСнными ΠΎΠ± Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ² Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌ Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ восстановлСни Π΅ рутСния ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² случа Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΈ восстановлСния рутСния ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π° ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π° 150 Β°C, Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ соли ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ соб ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° стадии получСния ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π° ния, Π° послС восстановлСния ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π° Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ бимСталличСски Π΅ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ нСустойчивы ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ. Установ Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ ь бимСталличСских час Ρ‚ΠΈΡ† сильно зависит ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ, я вляясь Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокой Π½Π° двуокиси крСмния ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° окиси алюминия ΠΈ окис ΠΈ магния. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ химичСская ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏ ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ опрСдСляСт Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π· аимодСйствия ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π³Π» ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ бимСталличСских час Ρ‚ΠΈΡ†.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43142/1/10973_2005_Article_BF01912699.pd

    Identification of active sites on supported metal catalysts with carbon nanotube hydrogen highways

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    Catalysts consisting of metal particles supported on reducible oxides exhibit promising activity and selectivity for a variety of current and emerging industrial processes. Enhanced catalytic activity can arise from direct contact between the support and the metal or from metal-induced promoter effects on the oxide. Discovering the source of enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity is challenging, with conflicting arguments often presented based on indirect evidence. Here, we separate the metal from the support by a controlled distance while maintaining the ability to promote defects via the use of carbon nanotube hydrogen highways. As illustrative cases, we use this approach to show that the selective transformation of furfural to methylfuran over Pd/TiO2 occurs at the Pd-TiO2 interface while anisole conversion to phenol and cresol over Cu/TiO2 is facilitated by exposed Ti3+ cations on the support. This approach can be used to clarify many conflicting arguments in the literatureWe acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation, Grant CAREER1653935. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. E.C.W. and J.T.M. were supported in part by Center for Innovative Transformation of Alkane Resources (CISTAR) by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. EEC-1647722. Open access fees fees for this article provided whole or in part by OU Libraries Open Access Fund.Ye
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