The Diversity Analysis of the Microbial Community in Wastewater by Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA)ï€

AbstractActivated sludge, a common biological treatment method for both municipal and industrial waste water, represents a complex microbial community.  Due to intricate interactions within the microbial community, process control of waste water treatment plants can be difficult.  Population shifts within the microbial community may results from the changes in the plant operating conditions and cause sludge quality problems such as poor sludge settling, compaction and dewatering.  Monitoring of the microbial populations may help in the diagnosis and correction of such sludge problems. This study employed a PCR-based 16S rDNA, amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) approach to characterize the microbial community structure in wastewater. Samples were collected from two wastewater treatment plants, in Jaipur City, India. Each PCR product was obtained by PCR with eubacteria 16S rDNA. After amplification, the 16S rDNA PCR products were digested with 4-base site specific restriction endonucleases. Restriction pattern was analyzed with four endonucleases (AluI, MspI, HhaI, and HaeIII). The result of the bacterial community analysis, by ARDRA revealed that the two wastewater treatment plants carry significantly different microbial population, whereas the diversity among the samples of same plant is not much. These results suggests that Amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) is an extremely valuable tool for assessing the diversity from waste water treatment plants. Key words: ARDRA, Microbial community, Wastewater1Birla Inst of Scientific Research, Statue Circle, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India2Deptt of  Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India---Please Cite This Article As: Shivani Chandra, Sivaramaiah Nalapeta, Sampat Nehra, Alok Kumar Varshney, Nupur Mathur, P C. Trivedi, Krishna Mohan Medicherla. 2010. The Diversity Analysis of the Microbial Community in Wastewater by Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(4):51-55.Â

Direct and derivative spectrophotometric determination of zirconium(IV) with 2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone

109-111A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of zirconium(IV) in aqueous medium. The metal ion forms golden yellow coloured, soluble complex with 2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (2,4-DHBINH) at pH 1.5 with λmax at 410 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.40-4.00 μg ml-1 of Zr(IV). The molar absorptivity and the Sandell's sensitivity of the method are 1.82×104 lit mol-l cm-1 and 0.005 μg cm-2, respectively. The interference of various ions has been studied. The complex has a 1:2 [Zr(IV):2,4-DHBINH] stoichiometry. A method for the determination of zirconium(IV) by first order derivative spectrophotometry has also been proposed

Determination of Copper in Water, Vegetables, Foodstuffs and Pharmaceuticals by Direct and Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract: The quantification of copper in water, vegetables, foodstuffs, human hair and pharmaceutical samples was determined by a simple more sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method. Cu(II) forms an orange -red color complex with 5-{ά -methyl-3-hydroxy benzylidene} rhodanine [5M, 3H-BR], at pH 5.5 in sodium acetate and acetic acid buffer. The maximum absorbance was measured at 430 nm. The Beer's law is obeyed in the range of (0.05 µg -13 µg/mL). The molar absorptivity (ε) and the Sandell's sensitivity of the complex were 0.6027× 10 4 mol -1 cm -1 and 0.01054 µg cm -2 respectively. First, second and third derivative spectrophotometry were also proposed and employed successfully for the determination of copper in the supra. The performance of the present method was also evaluated in terms of RMSEP, REP and RSD, students t-test. This indicates the greater importance of the method than other methods reported in the literature

Method development and validation of paracetamol drug by RP-HPLC

A simple and reproducible method was developed for paracetamol by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). Paracetamol was separated on C18 column [4.6x250mm, particle size 5μm], using ortho phosphoric acid buffer with pH of 3.5 at the UV detection of 207nm. Isocratic elution of acetonitrile (ACN) and water was used as a mobile phase with various ratios and flow rates, eventually 25:75 v/v ACN and water was being set with the flow rate of 1mL/min. The statistical validation parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, inter-day and intraday variation were checked, further the limit of detection and limit of quantification of paracetamol concentrations were found to be 120ng/mL and 360ng/mL. Recovery and assay studies of paracetamol were within 99 to 102% indicating that the pro-posed method can be adoptable for quality control analysis of paracetamol