The Generalizability of Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) Syndromes of Psychopathology Across 20 Societies

OBJECTIVES: As the world population ages, psychiatrists will increasingly need instruments for measuring constructs of psychopathology that are generalizable to diverse elders. The study tested whether syndromes of co-occurring problems derived from self-ratings of psychopathology by US elders would fit self-ratings by elders in 19 other societies. METHODS/DESIGN: The Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) was completed by 12,826 60- to 102-year-olds in 19 societies from North and South America, Asia, and Eastern, Northern, Southern, and Western Europe, plus the US. Individual and multi-group confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) tested the fit of the 7-syndrome OASR model, consisting of the Anxious/Depressed, Worries, Somatic Complaints, Functional Impairment, Memory/Cognition Problems, Thought Problems, and Irritable/Disinhibited syndromes. RESULTS: In individual CFAs, the primary model fit index showed good fit for all societies, while the secondary model fit indices showed acceptable to good fit. The items loaded strongly on their respective factors, with a median item loading of .63 across the 20 societies; and 98.7% of the loadings were statistically significant. In multi-group CFAs, 98% of items demonstrated approximate or full metric invariance. Fifteen percent of items demonstrated approximate or full scalar invariance and another 59% demonstrated scalar invariance across more than half of societies. CONCLUSIONS: The findings supported the generalizability of OASR syndromes across societies. The seven syndromes offer empirically-based clinical constructs that are relevant for elders of different backgrounds. They can be used to assess diverse elders, and as a taxonomic framework to facilitate communication, services, research and training in geriatric psychiatry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Association of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on antral follicle count and oocyte production in Holstein and Tabapuã heifers

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the use of rbST and eCG prior to ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration (OPU) improves oocyte yield and quality in Tabapuã and Holstein heifers. The study was conducted in two phases, 20 days apart, in a change-over design. The dominant follicle was ablated two days (D-2) before two treatments: stimulation (6 Holstein and 8 Tabapuã), 500 mg of rbST (Boostin®) on D0 and 500 IU of eCG (Folligon) on D2; and control (6 Holstein and 8 Tabapuã), in which heifers received injections of the excipient. Heifers were aspirated on D4. Oocytes were subjected to a well established commercial in vitro embryo production protocol (Vitrogen®) and embryos were evaluated seven days after fertilization. There was an effect from the interaction of treatment and breed, so that hormonal stimulation increased antral follicle count (2-8 mm) in Tabapuã (29.9±2.6 to 41.4±2.6), but not in Holstein heifers (14.4±2.6 to 15.5±2.6). Tabapuã heifers had higher mean antral follicle count than Holsteins (35.6±1.8 vs. 15.0±2.1). The number of viable oocytes was not increased by stimulation in Tabapuã (from 4.7±1.0 to 5.2±1.1 in control and simulation, respectively) or in Holstein heifers (1.3±1.9 to 2.0±1.6 in control and simulation, respectively). There was no difference in the percentage of heifers with more than five viable oocytes in the group treated (33 vs 27%). The number of blastocysts was not affected by treatment (1.75 vs. 1.00 in hormonal stimulation and control, respectively). The increase in antral follicle count in the stimulated Tabapuã heifers did not reflect upon oocyte yield. The differential breed response to the hormonal treatment underscores the need for additional tests, especially for the Holstein breed, in order to enhance OPU efficiency

İneklerde Memenin Ultrasonografisi

The objective of the study was to determine the normal ultrasonographic appearance of mammary gland and teat of lactating cow. Mammary quarters were examined directly contact and in the water bath by a real-time 5-7.5 MHz linear array transducer connected to a real time ultrasound equipment. The data obtained by direct scanning and in the water bath were evaluated comparatively. The study was carried out a total of 150 teats and udders of the 50 cows brought to the Gynecology Clinic Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selçuk. Ultrasonographically teat tissue is divided into 3 layers, a hyperechoic outer layer, a hypoechoic middle layer and more hyperechoic inner layer. The papillary duct and rosette of Furstenberg were monitered as hyperechoic. The teat sinus were observed as an anechoic area continuous with the gland sinus. At the base of the teat, the annular ring appeared as a hypoechoic structure extending into the lumen. The plexus venosus papillaris, in the middle layer of the teat, and the circulus venosus papillae, the annular fold area, were detected as sonographically anechoic. As a conclusion morphological structures of the bovine teat and udder can be differentiated with B-mode ultrasound. Diagnostic ultrasound can be recommended as an additional diagnostic tool for stenose and other abnormalities of the teat in dairy cows.Bu çalışmada laktasyondaki ineklerde ultrasonografinin meme başı ve lobunun morfolojik özelliklerini ortaya koymada kullanılabilirliği araştırıldı. Bu amaçla 5-7.5 MHz' lik linear array ultrasonografi cihazı kullanılarak direkt temas ve su banyosu İçerisinde yapılan muayeneler sonucunda elde edilen morfolojik bulgular karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya konulmaya çalışıldı. Çalışma materyalini Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Doğum ve Jinekoloji Anabilim Dalı Kliniği'ne getirilen, değişik irk ve yaşlardaki 50 baş ineğe ait 150 adet meme başı ve lobu oluşturdu. Meme dokusunun ultrasonografik muayenesinde; meme başı hiperekojen dış, hipoekojen orta ve yine hiperekojen olan iç katlardan oluşmaktaydı. Ductus papillaris ile fürstenberg rozeti hiperekojen olarak izlenebildi. Anekojen sinus papillaris, yine anekojen olan sinus lactiferus ile devamlılık göstermekteydi. Meme başının bazisinde annular ring hipoekojen olarak lümene doğru uzanmaktaydı. Aynı bölgede anekojen fürstenberg vena halkası ile meme başının orta tabakasında, uzunlukları boyunca seyir gösteren anekojen plexus venosus papillae damarları net bir şekilde gözlenebildi. Araştırmada gerçek zamanlı ultrasonografinin meme lobu ve başının fizyolojik iç yapısının ayrıntısını ortaya koyabildiği görüldü. Bu sonuca göre ultrasonografinin, meme başında süt akışını engelleyen stenozislerin ve diğer anomalilerin teşhisinde, klasik muayene yöntemlerinin yanında destekleyici bir metot olabileceği kanısına varıldı

Study about the occurrence of visible signs of approaching parturition in suckler cows and heifers: Changes of the udder

The objective of this study was to examine if changes to the mammary gland are suitable for determining the precise time of parturition in suckler cows. The following parameters were examined in a total of 105 animals (heifers: 10, Simmental; cows: 95 - Simmental: 68; Simmental x Limousin: 27) every eight hours during the last seven days ante partum: mammary development, mammary edema and fore udder edema. Development of the udder and the number of animals with udder and fore udder edema increased with approaching parturition (p < 0.001). However, only 5.7 % of the animals had a completely developed udder with shiny teats filled with milk eight hours before parturition, whereas the teats of 32.4 % of the animals were not yet filled with milk at this time. 86.7% of the animals had an udder edema and 12.4 % of the animals had edema of the fore udder. The fore udder edema was observed in 50 % of the heifers and in 10.3 % of the cows. This difference is statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). No influence of the breed was detected on any of the three parameters. Changes of the mammary gland in cows are therefore not suitable for fixing the time of parturition precisely within the last seven days ante partum

Vulvahypoplasia in an alpaca cria - first case report in Germany

This is the first German case report of an alpaca cria suffering from a congenital vulvahypoplasia. Symptoms, diagnostics and therapy are described. The 24-hours-old cria was referred to the hospital due to reduced general condition and colic. The existent vulvahypoplasia led to impaired urination, causing further complications such as urovagina and urinary stasis up to the renal pelvis. Surgical construction of the rima vulvae cured the cria. As indicated by several cases published on the clinical picture of vulvahypoplasia during recent years, this congenital deformation could become an increasing problem in the alpaca population