Black hole mass measurements using ionized gas discs: systematic dust effects

Using detailed Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations in realistic models for galactic nuclei, we investigate the influence of interstellar dust in ionized gas discs on the rotation curves and the resulting black hole mass measurements. We find that absorption and scattering by interstellar dust leaves the shape of the rotation curves basically unaltered, but slightly decreases the central slope of the rotation curves. As a result, the "observed" black hole masses are systematically underestimated by some 10 to 20% for realistic optical depths. We therefore argue that the systematic effect of dust attenuation should be taken into account when estimating SMBH masses using ionized gas kinematics.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in "Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe", AIP Conference Proceeding

Spectral Properties of M87 Using Two-Component Flow

We fit the observational data for M87 using two-component advective disk model. We show that the flat spectrum from the nucleus of M87 is due to synchrotron radiation produced by non-thermal electrons in the CENBOL. The non-thermal distribution is produced due to acceleration of electrons across the shock in a sub-Keplerian flow.Comment: 4 Pages, 1 Figures, Proceeding of the 2nd Kolkata Conference on "Observational Evidence for the Black Holes in the Universe", Published in AIP, 200

Design of Hybrid Network Anomalies Detection System (H-NADS) Using IP Gray Space Analysis

In Network Security, there is a major issue to secure the public or private network from abnormal users. It is because each network is made up of users, services and computers with a specific behavior that is also called as heterogeneous system. To detect abnormal users, anomaly detection system (ADS) is used. In this paper, we present a novel and hybrid Anomaly Detection System with the uses of IP gray space analysis and dominant scanning port identification heuristics used to detect various anomalous users with their potential behaviors. This methodology is the combination of both statistical and rule based anomaly detection which detects five types of anomalies with their three types of potential behaviors and generates respective alarm messages to GUI.Network Security, Anomaly Detection, Suspicious Behaviors Detection

Spatial and temporal patterns of distribution of the gap junction protein connexin43 during mouse gastrulation and organogenesis

Connexin43 (Cx43) is a member of the family of channel-forming proteins that make up the gap junction and are believed to provide pathways for cell-cell exchange of developmental signals. We have used immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy to characterize the patterns of distribution of Cx43 in postimplantation mouse embryos representing stages of development extending through gastrulation and the major period of organogenesis [through 13.5 days post coitum (dpc)]. We find that Cx43 is expressed early after implantation by the undifferentiated, pluripotent cells of the primitive embryonic ectoderm from which all tissues of the fetus are believed to be derived. As cells become committed to particular developmental pathways, there is a progressive restriction of Cx43 to specific areas and organ systems. The patterns are complex and not limited by germ layer of origin, although there is a clear preference for expression in ectodermal and, to a lesser extent, mesodermal derivatives. Expression in lens, retina, kidney, brain, pineal and pituitary glands is initiated early in organogenesis. In heart, the first clear signal for Cx43 appears in the ventricle at about 10 dpc and is only subsequently detected in the atrium at about 13-13.5 dpc. Particularly intriguing with regard to functional implications is the high level expression observed at sites of inductive interaction; the eye lens and optic cup, the infundibulum and the apical ectodermal ridge of the limb bud